Analogies 1

Working with
Analogies
Analogy
-shows the relationships between
words. It states the likeness between
two things that are otherwise unlike.
- Analogies may enable one to learn
new words by recognizing the
relationship between words.
Examples: English : language ::
Mathematics : arithmetic
Analogies test your ability
to:
• Recognize the relationship between
the words in a word pair
• Recognize when two word pairs
display equal relationships
Old
Young
Analogies look like this:
Up:Down ::Over:Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under

To answer an analogy
question you must:
• Recognize the relationship between the
words in the given word pair
• Select the answer containing words
related to one another in most nearly
the same way
• Recognize when two word pairs display
equal relationships
In what ways could these
pairs of words be related?
• The relationship will always have
to do with the meaning of the
words
I get it…they
are opposites!
• The colon (:) is used to split the
analogy into two parts. The first part
is the left-hand side of the double
colon, “English : Language,” while
the second part is the right hand
side, “Mathematics : Arithmetic.”
Keep in mind that the first set of
words presents a relationship that is
the same or alike as the second set of
words. One possible way to read or
verbalize an analogy is like this
example:
English is to language as Mathematics
is to Arithmetic.
Examples of possible
relationships in an analogy:
• Synonyms or antonyms
• A part to the whole
• Characteristics
• Function/ Object to function
• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
Synonyms – words possessing the
same meaning
•e.g. happy: joyful :: pretty: cute
Antonym – words opposite to each
other in terms of meaning
e.g. huge: tiny :: hot: cold
Part and whole – where several
objects comprise or make up a group
e. g. heart: circulatory :: lungs:
respiratory
Characteristics – mostly comprises
descriptions of items
e.g. smart: teacher :: board eraser:
dusty
Function – shows what a certain
object is for or explains its use
e.g. keyboard: type :: stove: cook
Cause and Effect – showing cause-
and-effect relationship
e.g. study: graduate :: hard work:
success
Here is one example of
Synonym relationships:
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________?
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult
Antonym relationships:
Big:Small::Full:_______?
Big:Small::Full:Empty
Here is one example of Part
to Whole relationships:
Wheel:Car::Branch:_______?
Wheel:Car::Branch:Tree
Here is one Characteristic
relationships:
Tropical:hot::Polar:_______?
Tropical:hot::Polar:Cold
Cause Effect relationships:
Sliver:Pain::Heat:__________
Sliver:Pain::Heat:Boil
Here is one example of Object
to Function relationships:
Truck:Transport::Oven:______?
Truck:Transport::Oven:bake
PRACTICE
KEY
KEY
C. Identify the missing words to complete the analogies. Then, translate
the analogies into sentences.
Analogy Sentence
battery : flashlight;
keyboard:
teacher : educate;
student:
electric fan : cooling;
kettle:
branches : tree;
legs:
punctual : tardy;
victory:
KEY
KEY
1.A
2.C
3. D
4. A
5. C
KEY
KEY
1. SYNONYMS
2. CAUSE- EFFECT
3. PART TO WHOLE
4. FUNCTION
5. CAUSE- EFFECT
PRACTICE
Can you identify the relationship?
a) Synonyms or antonyms
b1. PLATOON:SOLDIER b) A part to the whole
e2. HOT:SCALDING c) A member to the
a3. STARVATION:BINGING category that contains it
f4. GILLS:BREATHING d) Cause to effect (or effect
a to cause)
5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING e) Varying degrees of a
c6. SOCCER:SPORT quantity or quality
f) Object to function
Approaches that may be helpful
in answering analogy questions:
• Try to determine the precise relationship
between the words in the given pair
• Form a sentence that captures the
relationship between the two words
• Then look for the answer choice containing
the word pair whose relationship is closest
to that of the given pair and can be
expressed in a similar fashion
Example
APPLE : FRUIT ::
A. Salad : Mix
B. Orange: Banana
C. Juice : Can
D. Slice : Core
E. Butterfly: Insect
Example
APPLE : FRUIT ::
A. Salad : Mix
B. Orange: Banana
C. Juice : Can
D. Slice : Core
E. Butterfly:Insect
How do you know if you
have a good sentence?
• Look at the answer choices
• If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is
too general
• If none of them work, then your
sentence is too specific
Example
PEN : WRITE ::
A. Pencil : Sharpen
B. Ink : Blue
C. Letter : Compose
D. Knife : Cut
E. Mistake : Erase
Example
PEN : WRITE ::
A. Pencil : Sharpen
B. Ink : Blue
C. Letter : Compose
D. Knife : Cut
E. Mistake : Erase
Helpful Approaches con’t:
• Pay attention to the order of the words in the pair
• Pay attention to the parts of speech
• The relationships you need to explain will be
constant relationships
• Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive
• Remember that a single word can have several
different meaning
• Never decide on the best answer without reading
all the answer choices
• Practice recognizing and formulating relationships
between word pairs
Practice
Large : Big::
A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: Success
C. Nostril : Smell
D. Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See
Practice
Large : Big::
A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: Success
C. Nostril : Smell
D. Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See
Practice
Bat : Hitter
A. Score: Win
B. Walk : Run
C. Mars : Venus
D. Stick : Hockey Player
E. Basketball: Hoop
Practice
Bat : Hitter
A. Score: Win
B. Walk : Run
C. Mars : Venus
D. Stick : Hockey Player
E. Basketball: Hoop
Practice
Come : Came::
A. Walk : Walking
B. Ride : Rode
C. Left : Arrived
D. Did : Had Done
E. See : Seen
Practice
Come : Came::
A. Walk : Walking
B. Ride : Rode
C. Left : Arrived
D. Did : Had Done
E. See : Seen
Online Practice
Analogies Game
Awesome Analogies
Gamequarium Analogies
Analogy of the Day
Written Practice
Sampler Daily Analogies
Understanding Analogies
Analogies Worksheet
Analogies Dining
Analogies Notes
Analogies Graphic Organizer

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Up is to Down as Over is to Under

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