Schiffman Chapter 6

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Consumer Behavior

SCHIFFMAN

& KANUK

CHAPTER 6

Consumer Perception

Perception

Process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world The way we see the world around us

ELEMENTS OF PERCEPTION
Sensation Absolute threshold Differential threshold Subliminal perception

The immediate and direct response of the sensory organs to stimuli.

Sensation

A perfectly unchanging environment provides little to no sensation at all!

Differential Threshold

Minimal difference that can be detected between two similar stimuli Also known as the just noticeable difference (the j.n.d.)

Webers Law

A theory concerning the perceived differentiation between similar stimuli of varying intensities (i.e., the stronger the initial stimulus, the greater the additional intensity needed for the second stimulus to be perceived as different).

MARKETING APPLICATIONS OF THE JND


Need to determine the relevant j.n.d. for their products


so that negative changes are not readily discernible to the public y so that product improvements are very apparent to consumers
y

Subliminal Perception

Perception of very weak or rapid stimuli received below the level of conscious awareness.

SUBLIMINAL PERSUASION EFFECTIVE?


Extensive research has shown no evidence that subliminal advertising can cause behavior changes Some evidence that subliminal stimuli may influence affective reactions

ASPECTS OF PERCEPTION
Selection Organization Interpretation

PERCEPTUAL SELECTION
Depends on two major factors

Consumers previous experience Consumers motives

PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION


and ground Grouping Closure
Figure

Positioning

Establishing a specific image for a brand in relation to competing brands.

Perceptual Mapping

A research technique that enables marketers to plot graphically consumers perceptions concerning product attributes of specific brands.

PERCEIVED QUALITY
 Perceived  Perceived

Quality of Products
Extrinsic Cues

 Intrinsic vs.

Quality of Services  Price/Quality Relationship

CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES
Intangible Variable Perishable Simultaneously

Produced and Consumed

Price/Quality Relationship

The perception of price as an indicator of product quality (e.g., the higher the price, the higher the perceived quality of the product).

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