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    Lecture 4

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    Fong Wei Jun
    1) The document discusses damping in single degree of freedom (SDOF) free vibration systems. Damping forces are proportional to velocity and can be modeled using a viscous damping element. 2) Equations of motion are derived for an SDOF system with proportional damping. Solutions depend on whether the system is overdamped, critically damped, or underdamped. 3) For underdamped systems, the solution is a damped sinusoid where amplitude decays exponentially over time. For critically damped systems, the solution does not oscillate but decays exponentially to zero.

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    Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Fong Wei Jun
    17 views16 pages
    1) The document discusses damping in single degree of freedom (SDOF) free vibration systems. Damping forces are proportional to velocity and can be modeled using a viscous damping element. 2) Equations of motion are derived for an SDOF system with proportional damping. Solutions depend on whether the system is overdamped, critically damped, or underdamped. 3) For underdamped systems, the solution is a damped sinusoid where amplitude decays exponentially over time. For critically damped systems, the solution does not oscillate but decays exponentially to zero.

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    1) The document discusses damping in single degree of freedom (SDOF) free vibration systems. Damping forces are proportional to velocity and can be modeled using a viscous damping element. 2) Equations of motion are derived for an SDOF system with proportional damping. Solutions depend on whether the system is overdamped, critically damped, or underdamped. 3) For underdamped systems, the solution is a damped sinusoid where amplitude decays exponentially over time. For critically damped systems, the solution does not oscillate but decays exponentially to zero.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views16 pages

    Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Fong Wei Jun
    1) The document discusses damping in single degree of freedom (SDOF) free vibration systems. Damping forces are proportional to velocity and can be modeled using a viscous damping element. 2) Equations of motion are derived for an SDOF system with proportional damping. Solutions depend on whether the system is overdamped, critically damped, or underdamped. 3) For underdamped systems, the solution is a damped sinusoid where amplitude decays exponentially over time. For critically damped systems, the solution does not oscillate but decays exponentially to zero.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

    BMM3553

    LECTURE 4
    SDOF Damped Free Vibration

    Given an initial condition, Determine the


    resulting motion.
    c - damping coefficient (Ns/m)
    Damping force is proportional to velocity

    dx
    Fc  c (1.11)
    dt
    Viscous Damping Element (Dashpot)
    • Damping force is linear and proportional to velocity

    F F F Linear

    Non-linear

    F  cx

    c is the viscous damping coefficient


    Units: N-sec/m
    • Equilibrium equation

    d 2x dx
    m 2 c  kx  P (1.12)
    dt dt
    x = output or response
    P= input or excitation

    m x  cx  kx  P ( 1.13 )


    • Assume x=Aet then for
    mx  cx  kx  0 (1.14)

    (m 2  c  k ) x  0 (1.15)

     c  c 2  4km
    1 
    2m

    c c 2  4km
    2    (1.16)
    2m 2m

    1t  2t Where a1 and a2 are the roots of


    x  A1e  A2 e
    equation (1.15).
    • Here, we wish to introduce some of the terms in
    vibration by replacing the material properties with
    the dynamic characteristics of a vibrating system.
    k
    Undamped natural frequency n  sec/ rad
    m

    Critical Damping ccr when c 2  4km  0

    hence ccr  2 km
    c
    Damping Ratio  
    ccr

    Note when c  ccr ,   1

    Damped natural frequency d  n 1   2  n2   2 (1.17)

     k  c  c
    where Decay rate   n    
     2m (1.18)
     m  2 km 
    • Overdamped system c2> 4km (ζ > 1)
    1 and 2 are negative. The solution decays
    exponentially towards zero. The system is said to
    be overdamped and is not suitable in practice.

        2 1  t     2 1  t
     n  n
    x(t )  A1e 
     A2 e 

    A1 
     
    x0n    2  1  x 0
    For the initial 2n  2  1
    conditions at t =
    A2 
     
     x0n    2  1  x 0
    0, 2n  2  1
    • Underdamped System c2 < 4km (ζ < 1)
    • 1 and 2 are complex i.e.
    c 4km  c 2
      i
    2m 2m

    4km  c 2
        i
    4m 2

        i n2   2

    1    id (1.19a )

     2    i d (1.19b)
    a1 and a2 are complex conjugates pair.
     
    x  A1e id t  A2 e  id t e t
    A1 and A2 are complex conjugate pair
    a  ib
    A1 
    2
    a  ib
    A2 
    2
    In trigonomet ric form
     x  Ae t cos(d t   ) or
    x  e t (a cos d t  b sin d t ) (1.20)
    whereA and β are constants
    • Eqn (1.20) shows that the complimentary
    solution is damped sinusoidal wave and the
    amplitude decays to zero exponentially
    • Free Damped Vibration with initial
    conditions
    • Using equation (1.20), for the initial conditions:

    displaceme nt x  x0 and velocity x  x 0 when t  0

    t x 0  x0
    x  e [ x0 cos d t  sin d t ] (1.21)
    d
    • Critically Damped c2 = 4km (ζ = 1)
    • 1 and 2 are the same  
    • The solution for equal roots is
    •  
    • x   A1  A2 t  e 0 t
    ( 1.22 )
    The equation does not oscillate but decay to
    zero.
    xt   A1  A2t e  n t
    • Comparison of motions with different types of damping

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