LESSON 4 Foundations of Curriculum Development

Foundations of
Curriculum
Development
Prepared by:
Mr. Michael N.
Buligan
Major Foundations of
Curriculum
 Philosophical
 Historical
 Psychological
 Social
Philosophical
Foundations
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
 Essentialism
Aim of Education – To promote the intellectual
growth of the individual and educate a competent
person.
Role of Education – The teacher is the sole authority
in his or her subject area or field of specialization.
Focus in the Curriculum – Essential skills of the 3 R’s
and essential subjects.
Curriculum Trends – Excellence in education, back to
basics and cultural literacy.
 Progressivism
Aim of Education – To promote democratic and social
living.
Role of Education – Knowledge leads to growth and
development of lifelong learners who actively learn by
doing.
Focus in the Curriculum – Subjects are
interdisciplinary, integrative and interactive.
Curriculum is focused on students’ interest, human
problems and affairs.
Curriculum Trends – School reforms, relevant and
contextualized curriculum, humanistic education.

Reconstructionism
Aim of Education – To improve and reconstruct
society. Education for change.
Role of Education – Teachers act as agents of change
and reform in various educational projects including
research.
Focus in the Curriculum – Focus on present and
future trends and issues of national and international
interest.
Curriculum Trends – Equality of educational
opportunities in education, access to global education.
Historical
Foundations
Historical Foundations of Curriculum
• Curriculum Theorists
 Franklin Bobbit
 Werret Charters
 William Kilpatrick
 Harold Rugg
 Hollis Caswell
 Ralph Tyler
Hilda Taba
Peter Oliva
Franklin Bobbit
presented curriculum
as a science that
emphasizes on
students' need.
1876 - 1956
Werret Charters
considered
curriculum also as a
science which is
based on students'
need, and the
teachers plan and
1875 - 1952
activities.
William Kilpatrick
viewed curriculum as
purposeful activities
which are child-
centered.
1871 - 1965
Harold Rugg
emphasized social
studies in the
curriculum and the
teacher plans the
lesson in advance.
1886 - 1960
Hollis Caswell
sees curriculum as
organized around
social functions of
themes, organized
knowledge and
learner's interests. 1901 - 1989
Ralph Tyler
believes that
curriculum is a
science and an
extension of
school's philosophy.
Based on students'
1902- 1994
need and interests.
Hilda Taba
Contributed to the
theoretical and
pedagogical foundations
of concepts development
and critical thinking in
social studies curriculum
Helped lay the

1902-1967
foundation for diverse
students
Peter Oliva
• Describe how curriculum
change is a cooperative
endeavour
• Teachers and curriculum
specialist constitute the
professional core of
planners
• Significant improvement
1992-2012 through group activity
Psychological
Foundation of
Curriculum
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum
• Cognitive Theorists
 Ivan Pavlov
 Edward Thorndike
 Robert Gagne
Jean Piaget
 Lev Vgotsky
 Howard Gardner
Daniel Goleman
Gestalt
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Ivan Pavlov
• Father of the Classical
Conditioning Theory the
S-R Theory
• The key to learning is
eraly years of life is to
train them what you want
them to become.
• S- R theory is a
foundation of learning
1849-1936
practice called
indoctrination.
Edward Thorndike
• Championed the
Connectionism Theory
• Proposed the three (3)
law of learning:
- Law of readiness
- Law of exercise
- Law of effect
• Specific stimulus has
specific response.
1874-1949
Robert Gagne
• Proposed the
Hierarchy Learning
Theory
• Behaviour is based on
prerequisite
conditions
• Introduced tasking on
the formulation of
1916-2002
objectives.
Jean Piglet
• Theories
Describe cognitive development
in terms of stages from birth
to maturity
• Key of Learning
a. Assimilation
b. Accommodation
c. Equilibration
1896-1980
Lev Vygotsky
• Theories
1. Cultural transmission and
development
2. Interaction to arriving
developmental stage
3. Sociocultural development
theory
• Key of Learning
1. Pedagogy creates learning
processes that lead to
development
1896-1934 2. Child is an active agent in his
or her educational processes.
Howard Gardner
Daniel Goleman
• Emotions
contains the
power to
affect action
Gestalt
• Theories
Wholeness
• Key Learning
a. Learning is complex or
abstract
b. Analyze the problem
c. Learners perceive
something in relation
to the whole
Abraham Maslow
1908-1970
Carl Rogers
• Nondirective and
Therapeutic Learning
- Established counselling
procedures.
• Key Learning
- Curriculum concerned with
process not product; personal
needs not the subject
matter, psychological meaning
not the cognitive scores.
Humanistic
Foundation of
Curriculum
Social Foundations of Curriculum
 School and Society

 John Dewey
 Alvin Toffer
Contribution
• Society as a
source of change
• School as agent
of change
• Knowledge as an
agent of change.
John Dewey
• Considered two
fundamental elements;
1. School
2. Civil Society
1859-1952
Alvin Toffler
• Believed that
knowledge should
prepare students
for the future.
Thank You!!! 

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