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    K.SRIKANTH - (07891A0246) : N.Rajasekhar, Sectional Engineer E4 Section, SCR B.Raju, M.tech Assistant Professor

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    Hemant Meena
    The document provides information on three phase locomotives compared to conventional locomotives. It discusses the key components of a locomotive like the pantograph, transformer, traction motor, converters, and braking systems. The three phase locomotive has advantages like smaller traction motors, lower maintenance costs, robust induction motors, regenerative braking and less weight. The document analyzes that conventional locos have less advantages and require more maintenance compared to modern three phase locos.

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    K.SRIKANTH - (07891A0246) : N.Rajasekhar, Sectional Engineer E4 Section, SCR B.Raju, M.tech Assistant Professor

    Uploaded by

    Hemant Meena
    182 views47 pages
    The document provides information on three phase locomotives compared to conventional locomotives. It discusses the key components of a locomotive like the pantograph, transformer, traction motor, converters, and braking systems. The three phase locomotive has advantages like smaller traction motors, lower maintenance costs, robust induction motors, regenerative braking and less weight. The document analyzes that conventional locos have less advantages and require more maintenance compared to modern three phase locos.

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    ppt about three phase locomotives of indian railways

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    three phase locomotives

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    The document provides information on three phase locomotives compared to conventional locomotives. It discusses the key components of a locomotive like the pantograph, transformer, traction motor, converters, and braking systems. The three phase locomotive has advantages like smaller traction motors, lower maintenance costs, robust induction motors, regenerative braking and less weight. The document analyzes that conventional locos have less advantages and require more maintenance compared to modern three phase locos.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    182 views47 pages

    K.SRIKANTH - (07891A0246) : N.Rajasekhar, Sectional Engineer E4 Section, SCR B.Raju, M.tech Assistant Professor

    Uploaded by

    Hemant Meena
    The document provides information on three phase locomotives compared to conventional locomotives. It discusses the key components of a locomotive like the pantograph, transformer, traction motor, converters, and braking systems. The three phase locomotive has advantages like smaller traction motors, lower maintenance costs, robust induction motors, regenerative braking and less weight. The document analyzes that conventional locos have less advantages and require more maintenance compared to modern three phase locos.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 47

    THREE PHASE LOCOMOTIVE

    By

    K.SRIKANTH – (07891A0246)

    Project Guide: Internal Guide:


    N.Rajasekhar, B.Raju, M.tech
    Sectional Engineer Assistant professor
    E4 section, SCR
    History
    Min p of Indian Railways

    • 1853 First railway train journeyed distance of


    22 miles between Bombay and Thana.

    • Initially, operated by private companies of Englishmen.

    • 1925-1950 GOI took over the all the private railway companies.

    • Development accelerated with the 5-year Plans

    • INDIAN RAILWAYS have now become a largest unified State-


    enterprise.
    Railway Zones in India
    S.No Name Headquarters Date of Establishment
    1. Northern Railway Delhi April 14, 1952
    2. North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur 1952
    3. Northeast Frontier Railway Maligaon (Guwahati) 1958
    4. Eastern Railway Kolkata April 14, 1952
    5. South Eastern Railway Kolkata 1955
    6. South Central Railway Secunderabad Oct' 2, 1966
    7. Southern Railway Chennai April 14, 1951
    8. Central Railway Mumbai Nov' 5, 1951
    9. Western Railway Mumbai Nov' 5, 1951
    10. South Western Railway Hubli April 1, 2003
    11. North Western Railway Jaipur Oct' 1, 2002
    12. West Central Railway Jabalpur April 1, 2003
    13. North Central Railway Allahabad April 1, 2003
    14. South East Central Railway Bilaspur, CG April 1, 2003

    15. East Coast Railway Bhubaneswar April 1, 2003


    16. East Central Railway Hajipur Oct' 1, 2002
    17. Konkan Railway Navi Mumbai Jan' 26, 1998
    Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda

    • First established in 1893

    • Closed in 1992.

    • Renamed as Electric Loco Shed on September 6th , 1995

    • Best loco shed in India

    • Maintenance cost has been reduced from Rs 16.73lacs/loco


    to Rs 12.24 lacs/loco

    • Call for maintenance of loco has raised to 45 days and


    30,000kms.
    What is this seminar about?

    • Introduction about Locomotives

    • Supply system for the loco

    • Basic equipments in the loco

    • How a loco works?

    • A comparative study of three phase locomotive


    and a conventional locomotive
    Designation of Locomotives
    Some of the names of locos:::: WAG9 , WAP7 etc
    FIRST TERM SECOND TERM THIRD TERM
    Letter Gauge Distance b/w Letter Power Letter Load

    the rails (m)

    W Broad 1.676 D Diesel M Mixed


    traffic
    Y Meter 1.000 C DC P Passenger
    Traction
    Z Narrow 0.762 A AC G Goods
    Traction
    N Narrow 0.609 B Battery S Shunting
    Electric
    Supply system

    • DC supply using third rail system


     1.5KV DC
     Hazard of electric shock
    • 1-Φ AC system
     25 KV AC
     Poor regulation
    Over Head Equipment

    • Catenaries
    • Droppers
    1. Constant tension type
    2. Cable goes over pulley
    terminated by weight
    3. Height 5.5m from rail
    4. Current section of
    contact wire 107sq.mm
    Components of Locomotive
    • Pantograph
    • Vacuum circuit breaker
    • Earthing switch
    • Surge arresters
    • Harmonic filters
    • Main transformer
    • Traction motor
    • Battery
    • Traction converter
    • Auxiliary converter
    Pantograph
    • collects power from OHE • strips are made of manganese
    • Two pantographs for one loco steel
    • supported by insulators
    • Air pressure is used to raise or
    lower
    Vacuum circuit breaker

    Disconnects the loco from OHE in case of


    • over voltages
    • over currents
    • short circuit
    • power surges
    Surge Arresters

    • Two surge arresters


    • One to roofline
    • second to High
    voltage bushing
    • protects from
    lightening
    Transformer

    • Make: ABB
    • 5400 KVA
    • 6 secondary windings
    converter : 4
    Auxiliary converter : 1
    Harmonic filter : 1
    • Two motors for cooling
    and oil pumping
    Traction motor

    Make : ABB's 6FRA 6068


    Power output : 850kW
    Rated voltage : 2180V
    Min / max speed : 1283/2484 rpm
    Current ratings : 270/310A.
    Weight :2100kg
    Axle-hung, nose-suspended.
    Battery motor
    Traction Cell type Nickel/ Cadmium
    No. of cells per battery 3
    No. of batteries per box 13
    Specifications: No. of battery boxes 2
    Nominal voltage of each cell 1.4v
    Total Battery voltage 1.4 x 3 x 26 = 110v

    Functions:
    • Used to generate power • Head lights
    to rise or lower the • Parking lights
    pantograph
    • Control electronics
    • Cabin lighting
    • Cab heaters
    Battery
    Block diagram of Locomotive
    Traction Converter

    It’s a combination of the following::::

     Line converter
     Intermediate DC link
     Drive converter

     Its purpose is to convert available single phase


    power to three phase power
    Line converter

    • GG module is used to convert AC to DC


    • Two modules are present with GTOs
    • Firing pulses are given using control electronics
    • 2 Χ 14 GTOs are used
    • 2 X 1269 Volts is the output
    GG module GTO
    DC Link

    • Formed by series of large


    capacitors
    • Voltage rating : 2800V DC

    Application:
    • Maintains constant voltage
    • Blocks line voltage if it exceeds the rated value (2800V DC)
    • Acts as source for some time if the line voltage falls below the
    rated value
    Drive converter
    • Converts DC power to three phase power which is fed to
    traction motors
    • Also converts generated 3-phase power to DC power
    under regenerative braking.

    Output parameters:
    • voltage : 2800V (line to line)
    • current : 740 A
    • Power : 2105 KW
    • Frequency : 65-132 Hz
    Power Flow in a loco

    Over head Vacuum circuit


    Pantograph Surge arresters
    lines breaker

    Current Voltage
    Transformer Earthing switch
    measurement measurements

    Rectifier Inverter Traction


    DC link
    module module motors
    Auxiliary converter functions

    • Supplies power to all the cooling equipment


    • Total of 13 three phase induction motors are used
    • Example:
    oil cooling blowers –2
    Traction motor blowers –2
    Transformer oil pump -1
    Traction converter oil pumps – 2
    Compressors –2
    Scavenger blowers –2
    Machine room blowers -2
    Speed control
    • V/F control is used to control the speed
    Braking Systems

    • Mechanical braking

    • Dynamic braking
    • Regenerative braking
    Mechanical Braking
    • Controlled using air pressure generated by compressor.
    • When pressure falls below 10kg/m^2 brakes are applied

    Advantages:
    • speed of the loco can be reduced to zero completely

    Disadvantages:
    • Frequent maintenance
    • Excessive generation of heat
    • Difficult to apply in rainy season
    Dynamic Braking

    • Supply is cut off to the motors and high resistances are


    added in series
    • Braking is achieved with the dissipation of heat through
    resistors
    • Not used in modern locomotives

    Disadvantages:
    • power generated is wasted in the form of heat
    • more chances of sparking
    Regenerative braking
    • Advanced braking system in modern locomotives
    • The motors act as generators and the loco becomes a small
    power generation unit.
    • Power is fed back to OHE.

    Advantages:
    • Simple in operation
    • Zero ware and tare
    • smooth controlling
    Disadvantages:
    • Loco can be stopped up to 0 Kmph but cannot be held
    stopped.
    General Features of 3-phase loco

    • Digital Electronics control system


    • on board fault diagnosis system
    • Simulation mode of operation
    • Electronic speedometer
    • Electronic energy meter
    • Fire detection and alarm system
    • Spacious driving cabs
    • Electronic brake system
    • Electronic controlled vigilance system
    Advantages of 3-phase loco over conventional

    • size of traction motor is less


    • Maintenance cost is low
    • Induction motors are very robust
    • Full power is available up to the maximum speed
    • Regenerative braking is more effective
    • operates nearly at unity power factor
    • Very less weight
    Where is the change???

    Traction
    motor

    Gear
    Analysis & conclusion

    • Conventional locos has less advantages compared to


    modern locos
    • Maintenance is very high for conventional loco
    • GTOs has the following disadvantages
     Large turn on and turn off times
     Low power rating
     Current controlled devices
    IGBTs can be replaced with GTOs to overcome the
    disadvantages.
    Any queries ?
    Points to be cleared::

    • Series motor will have high starting torque when


    compared to induction motor. How can this be
    compensated?
    • Why two pantographs?
    • why only the rare panto is raised always?
    • How the train stops when someone pull the chain?
    sh
    My sincere thanks to:::

    • Mr. N.Rajasekhar, sectional Engineer


    • Mr. K.Laxman (conventional loco assistant pilot)
    • Dr. M.Venkata Ramana sir
    • Mr. R.Durga Rao sir,
    • Mr. C.Harinatha Reddy sir,
    • Mr. B.Ankaiah sir,
    • Mr. B.Raju sir,
    • And my other batch mates for their kind
    cooperation and support.

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