

SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION
NIGHAT ASHRAF.
IV YEAR.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
BGSBU, RAJOURI.

 GUIDE:
MR. S MANIKANDAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
 TITLE OF THE STUDY:

A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING
PROGRAMME ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING CAUSES AND EARLY SYMPTOMS OF
DEPRESSION AMONG ELDERLY WOMEN IN
SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY;RAJOURI DISTRICT,
J&K.”
INTRODUCTION : BACKGROUND OF THE
PROBLEM
 Major depressive disorder is a common and
treatable psychiatric disorder with high
morbidity and mortality. Complex interplay
between mind, body, society and culture has been
implicated in the incompletely understood
pathophysiology of depression.
 Rural women are significantly at higher risk for poor
health outcomes than their urban counterparts, and
they are the gatekeeper of their families health, thus
influencing the health of the broader community.
 NEED OF THE STUDY:

 Depression is a significant contributor to the

global burden of disease and affects people in
all communities across the world. Today,
depression is estimated to affect 350 million
people
According to WHO (13-Sep-2021):

Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally it is

estimated that 5% of adult suffer from depression. World wide
3.8% of the population is affected by the depression including
5.7% among adults older than 60 years. More than 75% of
people in low- and middle-income countries receive no
treatment. Barriers to effective care include a lack of resources,
lack of trained health-care providers and social stigma
associated with mental disorders.
 The lifetime risk of depression in males is 8 to
12% and females is 20 to 26%. Depression
occurs twice as frequently in women as in men,
and it is currently felt to affect one in four
adults to some degree.
 Sati P. Sinha MD (2019) :

 A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from February

through March 2019 to explore depression prevalence and its
association with sociodemographic parameters in older adult
persons (aged ≥60 years, the accepted criterion for elderly in
India). Depression was more common in women (27/45, 60%)
than men (17/58, 29.3%) and in the widowed (30/39, 76.9%)
compared to married (14/63, 22.2%). Both associations were
statistically significant. Among the 39 who were widowed,
depression was present in 77.8% (14/18) of female respondents.
 According to CDC (14 August 2018 ):
Depression usually occurs in early adulthood but it is also
very common in older adults. It is estimated that 7 million
African adults over the age of 65 experience depression each
year . They also reported that adults over the age of 65
made up 16% of all suicide deaths in 2017.
 According to Kashmir mental health survey
report (2015) :
Approximately 1.6 million adults (41%) in the valley are living with
significant symptoms of depression, with 4,15,000 (10%) meeting all
the diagnostic criteria for severe depression. The proportion of the
population in Srinagar suffering from symptoms of probable
depression in 2015 was 28%, representing 230,000 adults.In Srinagar,
5.3% of adults met the diagnostic criteria for severe depression,
representing 44,300 individuals. S Significantly higher proportion of
women (46%) were classified with a probable mental disorder
compared to men (26%).
 AMIN SYED AND KHAN AW (2019):

 Due to continuing conflict in Kashmir during the

last years there has been a phenomenal increase in
psychiatric morbidity. The prevalence is highest
(66.67%) in 15-25 years age group, followed by
65.33% in 26-35 years age group.
 The difference in prevalence of depression among
males and females is significant.
 Depression is much higher in rural areas (84.73%)
as compared to urban areas (15.26 %).
 In rural areas the prevalence of depression among
females is higher (93.10 %) as compared to to males
(6.8%)
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE :

 A literature review is a body of text that aims to

review the critical points of current knowledge
including subjective findings as well a theoretical
and methodological contributions to a particular
topic.
K bincy , Balaji ramraj et Al ( November
2020):
A community based crossectional study was carried out from July
2018 to May 2020 in the rural area of three districts of Tamil
Nadu , India . Total of 7200 older adults participated, and more
than half, 4377(60.8%) were females. Most of them belonged to the
age group of 60–69 years (71.8%). Older adults above 60 years of
age were 1.9 times more likely to have depression compared to
their counterparts. Older individuals with a lack of family
supports were 1.4 times more likely to have depression than the
individuals with support.
 Manju Pilania, Vikas Yadav et Al (27 June 2019) :
Fifty –one studies from 16 states of India were included and
it was estimated that prevalence of depression among Indian
elderly population as 34.4% . In sub groups analysis, the
pooled prevalence was higher among females , rural
populations, and in eastern part of the country.
 Sherin Susan Paul , Prashanth hanumanthappa
Ramamurthy (23 February 2018) :

A community based cross sectional study was carried out among

those aged 60 years and above residing in a rural block of North
Tamilnadu. The prevalence of depression among the study
participants as measured by geriatric depression scale was
52.5%.The variables significantly associated with depression
included increasing age (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-4.7, p 0.01), female
gender (OR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.2-4.7, p 0.006), single status, which
included those who were unmarried and widow/widowers, (OR
5.2, 95% CI: 2.6-10.2, p < 0.001), illiteracy (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.6-
5.8).
 Swarnalatha N (2017):

A cross – sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 9 villages

of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India which were selected
randomly. A majority (48.8%) of the subjects were in the age
group of 60 – 69 years. The prevalence of depression in the
current study was 47.0%. In the present study, the prevalence
of depression was found to increase with increasing age. It was
40.0% in the age group 60-69 years, while it was 53.3% in the
age group of 70-79 . A significantly higher prevalence of depression
was found in females (56.5%) than in males (37.5%).
 Sandeep Grover , Nidhi Malhotra et Al ( 2017):
conducted a study on depression in elderly estimated that
prevalence of depression on community based studies
involving 70 - 7150 elderly subjects is varying from 8.9-
62.16% . Reports also suggest that depression is more
common among elderly females include being unmarried ,
divorced or widowed residing in rural locality.
 Pracheth R (16 September 2016):
 A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months from June
2015 to January 2016. A total of 368 elderly individuals participated in the
study, which comprised 184 respondents each from the rural and urban
areas. Majority of the respondents were in the age group of 60–69 years .
The prevalence of depression among elderly population was found to be
27.71% in the rural area. In comparison, 24.46% of the urban elderly
population was reported to be depressed. Thus, the rates of depressed
elderly people were found to be marginally higher in the rural area when
compared with the urban area.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY :
 To assess the pre-test level of knowledge
regarding causes and early symptoms of
depression among elderly women.

 To assess the post-test level of knowledge

regarding causes and early symptoms of
depression among elderly women.
 To assess the effectiveness of structured
teaching programme on the level of knowledge
regarding causes and early symptoms of
depression among elderly women .
 To find out association between level of
knowledge among elderly women with selected
demographic variables such as Age, educational
status, socioeconomic status, Marital status,
type of family, number of children, source of
information, hobbies etc.
 HYPOTHESIS :
 H0:- There will be no significant difference in the
mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores
regarding causes and early symptoms of depression
among elderly women.

 H1:- There will be significant difference in the mean

pre-test and post-test knowledge scores regarding
causes and early symptoms of depression among
elderly women.
 H3:- There will be significant association between level
of knowledge regarding causes and early symptoms of
depression with selected socio demographic variables
such as Age, educational status, socioeconomic status,
Marital status, type of family, number of children,
source of information, hobbies etc.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS :
 ASSESS :-
To determine the importance, size or value of
anything.
In this study it refers to critical analysis and
valuation on effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on improving the level of knowledge
regarding early causes and symptoms of depression.
 EFFECTIVENESS :-
1. Effectiveness is the capability of producing a
desired result or the ability to produce desired
output.
2. In this study it refers to significant gain in
knowledge regarding causes and early symptoms
of depression as determined by pre-test and post-
test knowledge scores.
 Structured teaching programme :
1. It refers to a systematically developed instructional
programme using instructional aids, designed to
provide information.
2. In this study it refers to systematic arrangement of
teaching programme with necessary Audio -visual
aids to impart knowledge regarding causes and
early symptoms of depression.
 Level of knowledge :
1. Scale of amount about understanding of a
subject, potentially with the ability to use
it for specific purpose.
2. In this study it refers to ability to give
correct answer of the questions asked by
the researchers about causes and early
symptoms of depression.
 Depression :
1. Depression (Major Depressive Disorder) is a
common and serious psychiatric illness that
negatively affects how you feel, the way you
think and how you act.
2. In this study depression refers to an alteration
in mood that is expressed by excessive
feelings of despair and pessimism. (feeling of
helplessness, hopelessness and worthlessness)
 CAUSES:
1. Something or someone that exists in such a
way that it produces an effect, result or
condition.
2. In this study it refers to an event or thing that
gives rise to an action, phenomenon or
condition (Depression).
 Early symptoms :-
1. First physical or mental problem that a person
experience that may indicate a disease or condition.

2. In this study it refers to initial physical or mental

features which is regarded as indicating a condition of
disease(Depression), particularly such as feature that
is apparent to the patient.
 ELDERLY WOMEN :
 Elderly women refers to the women whose age
is nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of
human beings and are thus at the end of the
human life cycle.

 In this study it refers to the women with

chronological age of 60 years and above.
 METHODOLOGY :

 1.Research approach :-
Quantitative research approach will be used for
the study.
 2. Research design :-
Pre-experimental research design will be used.
 3. Source of data :-
The elderly women living in rural
community areas of Rajouri.

 4. Setting of the study :-

The study will be conducted in selected rural
community (Dhanore) of Rajouri district.
 5. Population :
1. Target population :- All elderly women of
rural communities, Rajouri district
2. Accessible population :- Elderly women of
selected community(Dhanore) of Rajouri
district.
 6. Sampling :
Sample size:- 60 rural women will be
selected based on the inclusion criteria of
study.

 Sampling type:- Purposive sampling

technique will be used in this study.
 7. Duration of the study :
 The study will be conducted within 4-6 weeks of
duration.
 8. Sampling criteria :
 Inclusion criteria:-
 Elderly women who are willing to participate in the
study
 Elderly women will be available during the time of
data collection.
 Elderly women who can follow Urdu /Hindi.
 Exclusion criteria :-
1. Elderly women who are not willing to participate
in in the study.
2. Elderly women who are not available during the
data collection period.
 9. Variables :
 Research variable: level of knowledge among elderly women
regarding causes and early symptoms of depression.
 Socio demographic variables :
• Age.
• Educational status.
• Socioeconomic status.
• Marital status.
• Type of family.
• Number of children.
• Source of information.
 10. Delimitation :
The study is delimited to 60 elderly women in
selected rural community, Rajouri.

 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES :

The tools for the study consists of:
 Tool A: Socio-demographic Performa
 Tool B: Structured Interview Schedule
(SIS)
 In the study structured teaching programme ; lecture
method assisted with variety of audio visual aids will
be used to impart knowledge regarding early
symptoms and causes of depression among elderly
women within the duration of one hour.
METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION :
Data analysis will be analyzed using Descriptive and
Inferential statistics.
 Descriptive statistics :-
Descriptive analysis such as mean, standard deviation,
frequency and percentage distribution will be used to
describe the socio-demographical variables such as Age,
educational status, socioeconomic status, Marital status,
type of family, number of children, source of information
and hobbies.
 Inferential statistics :-
Paired test will be used to compare the mean pre-test and
post-test knowledge scores among the elderly women and
thus to find out the effectiveness of STP in improving
knowledge .

Chi square will be used to find out the association between

the level of knowledge regarding causes and early
symptoms of depression with selected socio demographic
variables such as Age, educational status, socioeconomic
status, marital status , type of family, number of children,
source of information and hobbies.
 PILOT STUDY :-

Pilot study will be conducted among 10 samples of of

elderly women from selected rural community of
Rajouri district.
 The purposes of the pilot study are :
1. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of developed tools.
3. To find out the feasibility of Conducting the final study.
 Ethical consideration :-

Ethical clearance will be obtained from the

institutional ethical committee and study will be
conducted only after obtaining prior permission
from the concerned authorities (community medical
officer), Rajouri.

An Informed consent will be obtained from samples

prior to study.
BUDGET

 Self
 LIST OF REFERENCES:
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2. Gregory .E Simon, James savarino, Belinda operskalai, Philip.S.Wang. The American journal of
psychiatry .2008 January; vol-163; p 41 -7

3.L. Eisenberg, ”Psychiatry and society . A sociobiologic synthesis,” The New England Journal Of
Medicine, vol. 296, no. 16, pp. 903-910, 1977.

4. www.womenanddepression.com;depressionamongruralwomen-ross j 2010 march

5. depression and other common mental disorders. Available at; www.WHO.int

 6. Mentalhealthweek2012.available at: www.worldfederationformentalhealth.org

7. Banvram aniappan arvind ,gopalkrishna gururaj.Prevalence and socioeconomic impact

of depressive disorder in India
Available at ;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMc6609075/#_ffn_sectile.

8. www.worldfederationformentalhealth.org

9. www.apa.org/

10. www.mentalhealthamerica.net
Thank you all