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    +disease Cycle and Epidem

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    Fatima Socorro Portillano
    The disease cycle describes the sequence of events that lead to plant disease development. It includes the pathogen's activities on and within the host as well as when it is away from the host. The main stages are inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads widely in a plant community. The development of epidemics depends on factors like the presence of susceptible hosts, abundant inoculum, and environmental conditions favorable for the pathogen.

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    +disease Cycle and Epidem

    Uploaded by

    Fatima Socorro Portillano
    61 views24 pages
    The disease cycle describes the sequence of events that lead to plant disease development. It includes the pathogen's activities on and within the host as well as when it is away from the host. The main stages are inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads widely in a plant community. The development of epidemics depends on factors like the presence of susceptible hosts, abundant inoculum, and environmental conditions favorable for the pathogen.

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    +Disease Cycle and Epidem

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    The disease cycle describes the sequence of events that lead to plant disease development. It includes the pathogen's activities on and within the host as well as when it is away from the host. The main stages are inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads widely in a plant community. The development of epidemics depends on factors like the presence of susceptible hosts, abundant inoculum, and environmental conditions favorable for the pathogen.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views24 pages

    +disease Cycle and Epidem

    Uploaded by

    Fatima Socorro Portillano
    The disease cycle describes the sequence of events that lead to plant disease development. It includes the pathogen's activities on and within the host as well as when it is away from the host. The main stages are inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads widely in a plant community. The development of epidemics depends on factors like the presence of susceptible hosts, abundant inoculum, and environmental conditions favorable for the pathogen.

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    Disease Cycle

    Disease Cycle
     the sequence of events leading to disease
    development in a single plant or in plant
    populations
     includes the activities of the pathogen
    while it is on and within the suscept as
    well as those while the pathogen is away
    from the host
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INOCULATION

    inoculum – any part of the


    pathogen that can initiate disease
    infection court – may be a natural
    opening (stomata, lenticel,
    hydathode, growth crack), a
    wound or the intact host surface
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INOCULATION
    The deposition of inoculum unto or into an
    infection court
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     PENETRATION
    Occurs upon the entrance of the pathogen
    into the host. It is completed when the
    pathogen has passed through the initial cell
    wall or entered the intercellular areas so that
    the pathogen is within the plant
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     PENETRATION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INFECTION
    Occurs when the pathogen has become
    established in the plant tissues and obtains
    nutrients from the host; activities of the
    pathogen between penetration and the time the
    pathogen starts to cause the host to respond
    to the pathogen’s invasion
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INFECTION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    COLONIZATION

    Following infection, the pathogen continues


    to grow and colonize the host. Colonization is
    the growth or movement of the pathogen
    through the host tissues.
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    COLONIZATION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    DISSEMINATION

    Signs or pathogen structures are usually


    formed on the colonized surface of the host.
    These structures which can serve as inoculum
    later are disseminated or spread by insects,
    wind, water and other agents
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    DISSEMINATION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    SURVIVAL

    The pathogen tide over adverse condition or


    survive until conditions become once more
    favorable for pathogenesis
    Disease Cycle
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    Epidemic - a widespread occurrence of an
    infectious plant disease in a plant
    community at a particular time

    Epidemiology - the study of disease


    development in plant populations
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    Factors affecting the development of epidemics:
    1. The occurrence of an epidemic requires that
    susceptible plants at a susceptible stage be exposed
    to abundant viable inoculum of a virulent pathogen
    during favorable environmental conditions for
    pathogen multiplication, infection and dissemination
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     2. An epidemic is more likely to occur when
    a single crop variety is planted over a wide
    area or when the plants are predisposed to
    infection by excessive nitrogen fertilization
    or by injuries.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     3. The inoculum should be abundant
    enough, rapidly formed, vigorous,
    efficiently liberated, spread and
    inoculated. The more numerous and more
    efficient the vectors are, the more chances of
    an explosive disease outbreak.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     4. All factors in the environment must
    favor the pathogen through out the disease
    cycle – from inoculation, to spore liberation,
    and subsequent dissemination. The
    environment should also favor the
    multiplication and spread of vectors, if
    there are any.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Van der Plank – “epidemic always starts with
    the first diseased plant in the population”
     During ideal conditions for disease
    development, the amount of disease on a
    susceptible population increases
    logarithmically in the beginning until the
    remaining uninfected plant population
    decreases, thereby limiting disease increase
    (forms a sigmoid epidemic curve)
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Epidemic – starts at that point where the
    sigmoid curve begins to leave the horizontal
    line and to approach the vertical line
     Soon after the onset of the epidemic, disease
    incidence becomes logarithmic until the
    amount of susceptible plant tissues decrease.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Epidemic – ends when all infection courts
    have been eliminated or some factors in the
    environment prevent further increase in the
    amount of disease. The sigmoid curve levels
    off at this stage.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    The sigmoid curve
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    The sigmoid curve

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