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    Unit 8. Disease Cycle and Epidemiology

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    Jose Ferdinand Marcos Jay Saligumba
    This document describes the disease cycle and epidemiology of plant pathogens. It discusses the key parts of the disease cycle including inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. It also explains that an epidemic occurs when susceptible hosts are exposed to abundant, virulent inoculum under favorable environmental conditions. The amount of disease initially increases logarithmically following an inoculation event, forming a characteristic sigmoid curve as the epidemic progresses.

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    Unit 8. Disease Cycle and Epidemiology

    Uploaded by

    Jose Ferdinand Marcos Jay Saligumba
    9 views28 pages
    This document describes the disease cycle and epidemiology of plant pathogens. It discusses the key parts of the disease cycle including inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. It also explains that an epidemic occurs when susceptible hosts are exposed to abundant, virulent inoculum under favorable environmental conditions. The amount of disease initially increases logarithmically following an inoculation event, forming a characteristic sigmoid curve as the epidemic progresses.

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    Unit-8.-Disease-Cycle-and-Epidemiology

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    This document describes the disease cycle and epidemiology of plant pathogens. It discusses the key parts of the disease cycle including inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. It also explains that an epidemic occurs when susceptible hosts are exposed to abundant, virulent inoculum under favorable environmental conditions. The amount of disease initially increases logarithmically following an inoculation event, forming a characteristic sigmoid curve as the epidemic progresses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views28 pages

    Unit 8. Disease Cycle and Epidemiology

    Uploaded by

    Jose Ferdinand Marcos Jay Saligumba
    This document describes the disease cycle and epidemiology of plant pathogens. It discusses the key parts of the disease cycle including inoculation, penetration, infection, colonization, dissemination, and survival. It also explains that an epidemic occurs when susceptible hosts are exposed to abundant, virulent inoculum under favorable environmental conditions. The amount of disease initially increases logarithmically following an inoculation event, forming a characteristic sigmoid curve as the epidemic progresses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Disease Cycle

    Prepared by: Mellprie B. Marin, PhD


    Disease Cycle
     the sequence of events leading to
    disease development in a single
    plant or in plant populations
     includes the activities of the
    pathogen while it is on and within the
    suscept as well as those while the
    pathogen is away from the host
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INOCULATION

    inoculum – any part of the


    pathogen that can initiate disease
    infection court – may be a natural
    opening (stomata, lenticel,
    hydathode, growth crack), a
    wound or the intact host surface
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INOCULATION
    The deposition of inoculum unto or
    into an infection court
    INOCULATION
     Deposition of inoculum on or in the infection
    court through:
    1. use of contaminated agricultural
    implements (for pruning, trimming, etc.) usually
    transfers viral, bacterial or fungal inocula from
    diseased to healthy plants
    INOCULATION
     Cigarette-smoking farmers often inoculate
    the tobacco mosaic virus to healthy plants as
    they handle the plants with contaminated
    hands
    INOCULATION
     Insects play an important role in field
    inoculation especially as they can travel
    relatively long distances and find their
    suscepts
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     PENETRATION
    Occurs upon the entrance of the
    pathogen into the host. It is completed
    when the pathogen has passed
    through the initial cell wall or entered
    the intercellular areas so that the
    pathogen is within the plant
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     PENETRATION
    PENETRATION
     Intact Host Surface – uredospore of
    Phakopsora pachyrhizi
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INFECTION
    Occurs when the pathogen has
    become established in the plant tissues
    and obtains nutrients from the host;
    activities of the pathogen between
    penetration and the time the
    pathogen starts to cause the host to
    respond to the pathogen’s invasion
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
     INFECTION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    COLONIZATION
    Following infection, the pathogen
    continues to grow and colonize the
    host. Colonization is the growth or
    movement of the pathogen through
    the host tissues.
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    COLONIZATION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    DISSEMINATION
    Signs or pathogen structures are
    usually formed on the colonized
    surface of the host. These structures
    which can serve as inoculum later are
    disseminated or spread by insects,
    wind, water and other agents
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    DISSEMINATION
    Parts of a Disease Cycle
    SURVIVAL
    The pathogen tide over adverse
    condition or survive until conditions
    become once more favorable for
    pathogenesis
    Disease Cycle
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    the study of disease development in
    plant populations
    Factors affecting the development of
    epidemics:
    1. The occurrence of an epidemic requires
    that susceptible plants at a susceptible
    stage be exposed to abundant viable
    inoculum of a virulent pathogen during
    favorable environmental conditions for
    pathogen multiplication, infection and
    dissemination
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     2. An epidemic is more likely to occur
    when a single crop variety is planted
    over a wide area or when the plants
    are predisposed to infection by
    excessive nitrogen fertilization or by
    injuries.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     3. The inoculum should be abundant
    enough, rapidly formed, vigorous,
    efficiently liberated, spread and
    inoculated. The more numerous and
    more efficient the vectors are, the
    more chances of an explosive
    disease outbreak.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     4. All factors in the environment must
    favor the pathogen through out the
    disease cycle – from inoculation, to
    spore liberation, and subsequent
    dissemination. The environment
    should also favor the multiplication
    and spread of vectors, if there are
    any.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Analysis of Epidemics
    The increase in the amount of
    disease at any one time is dependent
    on the following:
    1. the initial amount of disease or
    initial inoculum
    2. the rate of disease increase
    3. the duration of disease increase
    or the period of time involved
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Van der Plank – “epidemic always starts
    with the first diseased plant in the
    population”
     During ideal conditions for disease
    development, the amount of disease on
    a susceptible population increases
    logarithmically in the beginning until the
    remaining uninfected plant population
    decreases, thereby limiting disease
    increase
    (forms a sigmoid epidemic curve)
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Epidemic – starts at that point where
    the sigmoid curve begins to leave the
    horizontal line and to approach the
    vertical line
     Soon after the onset of the epidemic,
    disease incidence becomes
    logarithmic until the amount of
    susceptible plant tissues decrease.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Epidemic – ends when all infection
    courts have been eliminated or some
    factors in the environment prevent
    further increase in the amount of
    disease. The sigmoid curve levels off
    at this stage.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    The sigmoid curve
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    The sigmoid curve

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