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    Reflex: DR Raghuveer Choudhary

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    Physiology by Dr Raghuveer
    This document discusses various types of reflexes in the human body including: 1) Reflexes can be either inborn or learned, and involve peripheral nerves and the spinal cord or higher brain centers as well. 2) A reflex arc has 5 components - a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. 3) Muscle spindles contain proprioceptive fibers that detect changes in muscle length and signal the brain to contract muscles in response to stretching via stretch reflexes.

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    Reflex: DR Raghuveer Choudhary

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    Physiology by Dr Raghuveer
    137 views64 pages
    This document discusses various types of reflexes in the human body including: 1) Reflexes can be either inborn or learned, and involve peripheral nerves and the spinal cord or higher brain centers as well. 2) A reflex arc has 5 components - a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. 3) Muscle spindles contain proprioceptive fibers that detect changes in muscle length and signal the brain to contract muscles in response to stretching via stretch reflexes.

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    strech reflex,golgi tendon reflex

    Original Title

    Reflex

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    This document discusses various types of reflexes in the human body including: 1) Reflexes can be either inborn or learned, and involve peripheral nerves and the spinal cord or higher brain centers as well. 2) A reflex arc has 5 components - a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. 3) Muscle spindles contain proprioceptive fibers that detect changes in muscle length and signal the brain to contract muscles in response to stretching via stretch reflexes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx
    137 views64 pages

    Reflex: DR Raghuveer Choudhary

    Uploaded by

    Physiology by Dr Raghuveer
    This document discusses various types of reflexes in the human body including: 1) Reflexes can be either inborn or learned, and involve peripheral nerves and the spinal cord or higher brain centers as well. 2) A reflex arc has 5 components - a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. 3) Muscle spindles contain proprioceptive fibers that detect changes in muscle length and signal the brain to contract muscles in response to stretching via stretch reflexes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx
    of 64

    Reflex

    Dr Raghuveer choudhary
    Reflexes
     Reflex - Rapid, involuntary Motor
    Response to Stimulus
     Reflexes may:
    – Inborn (Intrinsic) or Learned (Acquired)
    – Involve only Peripheral Nerves & Spinal Cord
    – Involve Higher Brain Centers as Well
    Reflex Arc

     5 Components of Reflex Arc


    – Receptor – Site of Stimulus
    – Sensory Neuron – Transmits Afferent Impulse to
    CNS
    – Integration Center – Monosynaptic or Polysynaptic
    Region within CNS
    – Motor Neuron – Conducts Efferent Impulses from
    Integration Center to Effector
    – Effector – Muscle Fiber or Gland that Responds to
    Efferent Impulse
    Reflex Arc
    Stretch & Deep Tendon Reflexes
     For Skeletal Muscles to Perform Normally:
    – Golgi Tendon Organs (Proprioceptors)
     Constantly Inform Brain as to State of Muscle

    – Muscle Spindles
     Stretch Reflexes
     Maintain Healthy Muscle Tone
    Muscle Spindles
     Composed of 3-10 Intrafusal Muscle Fibers
    – Lack Myofilaments in Central Regions
    – Non-Contractile
    – Receptive Surfaces
     Muscle Spindles Wrapped with 2 Types of
    Afferent Endings
    – Primary Sensory Endings of Type Ia Fibers
    – Secondary Sensory Endings of Type II Fibers
    – Innervated by γ Efferent Fibers
     Contractile Muscle Fibers
    – Extrafusal Fibers
     Innervated by α Efferent Fibers
    Muscle Spindles
    Operation of Muscle Spindles

     Stretching Muscles
    – Activates Muscle Spindle

    – ↑ Rate of Action Potential in Ia Fibers

    – Contracting Muscle ↓ Tension on Muscle

    Spindle
    – ↓ Rate of Action Potential on I Fibers
    Operation of Muscle Spindle
    Stretch Reflex
     Stretching Muscle
    – Activates Muscle Spindle
    – Excited γ Motor Neurons of Spindle → Stretched
    Muscle to Contract
    – Afferent Impulses from Spindle Result in
    Inhibition of Antagonist
    – Patellar Reflex
     Tapping Patellar Tendon Stretches Quadriceps Starts
    Reflex Action
     Quadriceps Contract & Antagonistic Hamstrings Relax
    Golgi Tendon Reflex
     Opposite of Stretch Reflex
    – Contracting Muscle Activates Golgi Tendon
    Organs
    – Afferent Golgi Tendon Neurons Stimulated
    – Neurons Inhibit Contracting Muscle
    – Antagonistic Muscle Activated
    – Contracting Muscle Relaxes
    – Antagonist Contracts
    GTO Rx
    Flexor & Crossed Extensor Reflexes

     Flexor Reflex Initiated by Painful Stimulus


    (Actual or Perceived) → Automatic
    Withdrawal of Threatened Body Part
     Crossed Extensor Reflex - 2 Parts
    – Stimulated Side Withdrawn

    – Contralateral Side Extended


    Crossed Extensor
    Reflex
    Flexor & Crossed Extensor
    Reflexes
    Superficial Reflexes
     Initiated by Gentle Cutaneous Stimulation
    – Plantar Reflex Initiated by Stimulating Lateral
    Aspect of Sole of Foot
    – Response Downward Flexion of Toes
    – Indirectly tests for Proper Corticospinal Tract
    Functioning
     Babinski’s Sign
    – Abnormal Plantar Reflex
    – Corticospinal Damage
    – Great toe Dorsiflexes Smaller Toes Fan Laterally
    Babinski’s Sign
    Somatic Reflexes
    THANK YOU

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