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    Trachea

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    Shimmering Moon
    The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that begins at the larynx and extends down the neck into the thorax, where it divides into the two main bronchi. It is kept open by rings of hyaline cartilage and connects to structures like the esophagus, great vessels, and nerves. The bronchi then branch within the lungs, dividing further into smaller bronchioles and alveolar ducts that lead to alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs.

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    Trachea

    Uploaded by

    Shimmering Moon
    36 views12 pages
    The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that begins at the larynx and extends down the neck into the thorax, where it divides into the two main bronchi. It is kept open by rings of hyaline cartilage and connects to structures like the esophagus, great vessels, and nerves. The bronchi then branch within the lungs, dividing further into smaller bronchioles and alveolar ducts that lead to alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs.

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    Trachea.

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    The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that begins at the larynx and extends down the neck into the thorax, where it divides into the two main bronchi. It is kept open by rings of hyaline cartilage and connects to structures like the esophagus, great vessels, and nerves. The bronchi then branch within the lungs, dividing further into smaller bronchioles and alveolar ducts that lead to alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views12 pages

    Trachea

    Uploaded by

    Shimmering Moon
    The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that begins at the larynx and extends down the neck into the thorax, where it divides into the two main bronchi. It is kept open by rings of hyaline cartilage and connects to structures like the esophagus, great vessels, and nerves. The bronchi then branch within the lungs, dividing further into smaller bronchioles and alveolar ducts that lead to alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Trachea

    The trachea is a mobile cartilaginous and membranous


    tube.
    It begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the
    lower border of the cricoid cartilage at the level of the 6th
    cervical vertebra.
    It descends in the midline of the neck.
    In the thorax, the trachea ends (at Carina) by dividing into
    right and left principal (main) bronchi at the level of the
    sternal angle (opposite to the disc between the 4th and 5th
    thoracic vertebrae).
    During expiration, the bifurcation rises by about one
    vertebral level, and during deep inspiration may be lowered
    as far as the 6th thoracic vertebra.
    The internal surface is lined by ciliated, pseudo stratified
    Size of trachea
    In adults, the trachea is about 4.5 inches (11.25 cm) long
    and 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter.
    The fibroelastic tube is kept patent by the presence of U-
    shaped rings of hyaline cartilage embedded in its wall.
    These cartilages are connected with each other by Annular
    ligament.
    The posterior free ends of the cartilage are connected by
    smooth muscles (trachealis muscle).

    Relations of trachea
    The relations of the trachea in the superior mediastinum
    of the thorax are:
    Anteriorly:
    (1) Sternum (Menubrium)
    (2) Thymus
    (3) Left brachiocephalic vein
    (4) Origins of the brachiocephalic and left common
    carotid arteries
    (5) Arch of the aorta

    Posteriorly:
    (1) Esophagus
    (2) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
    Right side:
    (1) Azygos vein
    (2) Vagus nerve
    (3) Pleura

    Left side:
    (1) Arch of aorta
    (2) Left common carotid artery
    (3) Left subclavian artery
    (4) Vagus nerve
    (5) Left phrenic nerve
    (6) Pleura
    Blood Supply of the Trachea
    The upper two thirds are supplied by the Inferior Thyroid
    arteries and the lower third is supplied by the Bronchial
    arteries.

    Lymph Drainage of the Trachea


    The lymph drains into the pretracheal and paratracheal
    lymph nodes and the deep cervical nodes.

    Nerve Supply of the Trachea


    The sensory nerve supply is from the vagi and the
    recurrent laryngeal nerves.
    Sympathetic nerves supply the trachealis muscle.
    Bronchi
    The trachea is divided into right and left principal bronchus just behind the arch of aorta
    at the level between
    T4 and T5. Each bronchus is further divided into lobar bronchi which is further divided into
    many more bronchioles. Each bronchiole ends in 2 to 11 alveolar ducts which inters into
    alveolar sacs.
    The part of the bronchi which is out of the hilum of the lung at mediastinum is called extra
    pulmonary part while the part which is inside the hilum of the lung before the division into
    lobar branches is called intrapulmonary part.
    Right principal Bronchus
    It is wider, shorter and more vertical.
    It is 2-2.5 cm (1 inch) long.
    After entering into the hilum of the right lung it gives three main branches,
    (a) Superior lobar bronchus
    Branch to the upper lobe of the right lung.
    (b) Middle lobar bronchus
    Branch to the middle lobe of the right lung.
    (c) inferior lobar bronchus
    Branch to the lower lobe of the right lung.
    Left principal Bronchus
    It passes to the left and goes below the arch of aorta in
    the front of esophagus.
    It is narrower, longer and more horizontal than the right
    principal bronchus.
    It is up to 5 cm (2 inches) long.
    After entering into the hilum of the left lung it is divided
    into,
    (a) Superior lobar bronchus
    Which enters into upper lobe of the lung.
    (b) Inferior lobar bronchus
    Which enters into lower lobe of the lung.
    Thank you

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