Career: Counselling

CAREER
COUNSELLING
Submitted by:
 Tybha
Submitted to:
 Viswajeet
Ms. Komal Beri
 Tavishi
Assistant Professor
 Kiran
Sharda University.
 Rozy &
 Viketounuo
INTRODUCTION.
WHAT IS CAREER COUNSELLING?

• “AN INDIVIDUAL'S WORK-RELATED AND OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCES, BOTH
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF ORGANIZATIONS, THAT FORM A UNIQUE PATTERN OVER
THE INDIVIDUAL'S LIFE SPAN."
• CAREER COUNSELLING CAN BE DEFINED AS A PROCESS THAT HELPS AN
INDIVIDUAL TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF ONESELF AND THE VARIOUS
INTERESTS TO MAKE A FIRM DECISION ABOUT THE CAREER CHOICE AND
FURTHER EDUCATION PLANS.
INTRODUCTION
CONT:-
There are different roles performed by the career counsellors which are
mentioned below:
1. They help in making the correct assessment of aptitude, personality,

interests and other aspects of an individual.
2. It helps an individual to gain access to the resources and knowledge

that are possessed by career expert.
3. It helps in gaining confidence to cross the hurdles in one’s life and give
a right direction with respect to different aspects of one’s life be it
maintaining social relationships, personal life or any other career
problem.
4. It helps in modifying the abnormal behavioural patterns, especially in

case of children. These behavioural patterns may involve the
procrastination, ignorance of one’s mental and emotional health, low
self-esteem etc. A career counsellor helps in correcting these
behavioural patterns and makes a person indulge in more productive
activities at any place.
5. It helps in connecting students to the professionals having extensive

experiences in life to share.
6. The career counsellors have to be very effective in dealing with people;

therefore they should be having good communication skills and should
be able to establish rapport with the clients.
7. Therefore, career counselling is not just a matter of good

communication but a lot more than that.
Career developmental theories and counselling
Career development theories try to explain why individuals choose

careers.
Deals with the career adjustments people make over time.
Types of career developmental theories

THEORIES OF
1. Trait-and-factor Theory
CAREER
2. Constructivist Career theory
COUNSELLING
3. Developmental Theories
4. Social-Cognitive Career Theory.

TRAIT-AND-FACTOR THEORY.
IT STRESSES THAT THE TRAITS OF CLIENTS SHOULD FIRST BE ASSESSED AND THEN
SYSTEMATICALLY MATCHED WITH FACTORS INHERENT IN VARIOUS OCCUPATIONS. IT HAS
ALWAYS STRESSED THE UNIQUENESS OF PERSONS.
ORIGINAL ADVOCATES OF THIS THEORY ASSUMED THAT A PERSONS ABILITIES AND TRAITS
COULD BE MEASURED OBJECTIVELY AND QUANTIFIED.
HOLLAND 1997, IDENTIFIES SIX CATEGORIES IN WHICH PERSONALITY TYPES AND
OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED: (RIASEC)
1. REALISTIC
2. INVESTIGATIVE
3. ARTISTIC
4. SOCIAL
5. ENTERPRISING
6. CONVENTIONAL
CONSTRUCTIVIST CAREER
THEORY
• CONSTRUCTIVIST CAREER THEORY IS BASED ON MEANING-MAKING.

• CAREER COUNSELORS COMMUNICATE WITH THEM ABOUT THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE CLIENTS
OWN WORLDS.
• IN CONSTRUCTIVIST CAREER THEORY, CAREERS DO NOT UNFOLD, RATHER, THEY ARE DEVELOPED AS
INDIVIDUALS “MAKE CHOICES THAT EXPRESS THEIR SELF CONCEPTS AND SUBSTANTIATE THEIR GOALS
IN THE SOCIAL REALITY OF WORK ROLES”
• PURPOSE, RATHER THAN TRAITS, AS IN TRAIT-AND-FACTOR THEORY, COMPOSE LIFE THEMES THAT IN
TURN EXPLAIN AND CONTROL BEHAVIORS, “SUSTAIN IDENTITY COHERENCE AND FORESEE FUTURE
ACTIONS”.
DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
TWO OF THE MOST WIDELY KNOWN CAREER THEORIES ARE

THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH DONALD SUPER AND ELI
GINZBERG. THEY ARE BOTH BASED ON PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT.
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES UNLIKE OTHER THEORETICAL
PREPOSITIONS ARE GENERALLY MORE INCLUSIVE, MORE
CONCERNED WITH LONGITUDINAL EXPRESSION OF CAREER
BEHAVIOR AND MORE INCLINED TO HIGHLIGHT THE
IMPORTANCE OF SELF CONCEPT.
SUPER SUGGESTED THAT VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
UNFOLDS FIVE STAGES:
1. GROWTH (BIRTH -14 YEARS)
2. EXPLORATION ( 14 YEARS – 24 YEARS)
3. ESTABLISHMENT (24-44 YEARS)
4. MAINTENANCE (44-64 YEARS)
5. DECLINE OR DISENGAGEMENT (65-DEATH)
SOCIAL-COGNITIVE CAREER THEORY (SCCT)
• SSCT WAS FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1994 AND STEMS ORIGINALLY FROM BANDURA’S TRIADIC RECIPROCAL MODEL
OF CAUSALITY.
• THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THIS TRIAD IS SELF-EFFICACY.
• SUPER’S RAINBOW THEORY: SIX LIFE ROLES IN SCHEMATIC LIFE SPACE.
• KRUMBOLTZ 1979 AND 1996 HAS FORMULATED FOUR FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES A PERSON’S CAREER
CHOICES: 1. GENETIC ENDOWNMENT 2. ENVIRONMENT 3. EXPERIENCES 4. TASK-APPROACH SKILLS
• ACCORDING TO KRUMBOLTZ, CAREER DECISIONS ARE CONTROLLED BY BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
PROCESSES. THERE IS CONTINUOUS LEARNING THAT RESULTS IN: 1. SELF OBSERVATION
GENERATIONLIZATION 2.TASK-APPROACH SKILLS 3.ACTIONS.
SCOPE AND INFORMATION
THE OBJECTIVE OF A COUNSELLOR IS NOT ONLY TO POINT OUT
THE VARIOUS CAREER OPTIONS AVAILABLE FOR ONE TO PICK-
THEIR INTRINSIC JOB IS TO HELP IDENTIFY THE CORE
COMPETENCIES AND INTERESTS THAT COMPLEMENT A CAREER
PATH FOR THEIR CLIENTS.
1. A COUNSELLOR HELPS CONNECTS DOTS.
2. NEW JOB OPPORTUNITIES.
3. UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA.
COUNSELLING WITH DIVERSE POPULATION
• 1. CAREER COUNSELING WITH CHILDREN : • BENIFICIAL FOR CHILDREN LIVING IN
AREAS WITH LIMITED EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES • PROGRAMS SHOUL BE
CONDUCTED FOCUSING AWARENESS RATHER THAN FIRM DECISION MAKING ,
EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND FIELD TRIPS • INVITING PARENTS INTO CLASSROOM
AND FIELD ACTIVITIES
• 2. CAREEE COUNSELING WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS :• CAREER RELATED
PROBLEMS ARE FACEE BY MOST OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS , THEREFORE THERE'S A
NEED OF VALUE CAREER COUNSELING • FOR HIGHER EDUCATION , COLLEGES , ETC •
HELPS STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND THE WORLD WITH WORK
• 3. CAREER COUNSELING WITH ADULTS: • FOR MIDLIFE CAREEE CHANGE • WHEN
UNHAPPY WITH CURRENT WORK/JOB TWO DOMINANT WAYS OF WORKING WITH
ADULTS A. DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH-: AVOIDS AGE RELATED STREOTYPES , GENDER
AND MINORITY GROUP ISSUES. B. DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH -: EXAMINES
GREATER NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
• 4. CAREER COUNSELING WITH LGBT : • DIVERSE GROUP WHICH IS NOT OFTEN
CONSIDERED IN CAREER COUNSELING • CONCERNS COULD BE DISCRIMINATION AT
WORK PLACE , WHETHER TO DISCLOSE TO IDENTITY OR NOT • NEED CAREER
COUNSELING SAME AS OTHER GROUPS
Thank
you.

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What are the different roles performed by career counselors?

What are the different career development theories discussed in the document?

CAREER

WHAT IS CAREER COUNSELLING?

1. They help in making the correct assessment of aptitude, personality,

2. It helps an individual to gain access to the resources and knowledge

4. It helps in modifying the abnormal behavioural patterns, especially in

5. It helps in connecting students to the professionals having extensive

6. The career counsellors have to be very effective in dealing with people;

7. Therefore, career counselling is not just a matter of good

Career development theories try to explain why individuals choose

Deals with the career adjustments people make over time.

Types of career developmental theories

4. Social-Cognitive Career Theory.

• CONSTRUCTIVIST CAREER THEORY IS BASED ON MEANING-MAKING.

TWO OF THE MOST WIDELY KNOWN CAREER THEORIES ARE

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