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    Department OF Civil Engineering: R.Jeevanesan

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    Jeeva nesan
    This document provides information about stones, bricks, and concrete blocks used in civil engineering works. It discusses the classification, properties, and tests of various stone, brick, and concrete materials. Key points covered include the sources and applications of stones, methods of quarrying stones, factors for stone selection, and various tests conducted on stones and bricks, including compressive strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Classification of rocks and bricks for special uses are also outlined.

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    Department OF Civil Engineering: R.Jeevanesan

    Uploaded by

    Jeeva nesan
    30 views25 pages
    This document provides information about stones, bricks, and concrete blocks used in civil engineering works. It discusses the classification, properties, and tests of various stone, brick, and concrete materials. Key points covered include the sources and applications of stones, methods of quarrying stones, factors for stone selection, and various tests conducted on stones and bricks, including compressive strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Classification of rocks and bricks for special uses are also outlined.

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    This document provides information about stones, bricks, and concrete blocks used in civil engineering works. It discusses the classification, properties, and tests of various stone, brick, and concrete materials. Key points covered include the sources and applications of stones, methods of quarrying stones, factors for stone selection, and various tests conducted on stones and bricks, including compressive strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Classification of rocks and bricks for special uses are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    30 views25 pages

    Department OF Civil Engineering: R.Jeevanesan

    Uploaded by

    Jeeva nesan
    This document provides information about stones, bricks, and concrete blocks used in civil engineering works. It discusses the classification, properties, and tests of various stone, brick, and concrete materials. Key points covered include the sources and applications of stones, methods of quarrying stones, factors for stone selection, and various tests conducted on stones and bricks, including compressive strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Classification of rocks and bricks for special uses are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    DEPARTMENT

    OF
    CIVIL ENGINEERING

    PREPARED
    BY

    R.JEEVANESAN
    Assistant professor
    Department of civil engineering
    St.Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology.
    Thanjavur
    UNIT 1
    STONES – BRICKS – CONCRETE BLOCKS
     Stone as building material
     Criteria for selection
     Tests on stones
     Deterioration and Preservation of stone work
     Bricks
     Classification
     Manufacturing of clay bricks
     Tests on bricks Compressive Strength
     Water Absorption
     Efflorescence
     Bricks for special use
     Refractory bricks
     Concrete blocks
     Lightweight concrete blocks.
    STONE

    • Definition
    Stone has been defined as the
    natural hard substance formed
    from minerals and earth
    materials which are present in
    rock.
    Sources of stones
    • The stones are derived from
    rocks which form the earth crust
    and have no definite shape or
    chemical composition but are
    mixtures of two or more minerals.
    Applications of stones in civil engineering
    works

    • Construction of Residential and Public building


    • Construction of Dams, Weirs, Harbours,
    Abutments for bridge, etc
    • Face work of Structures & Aggregate for
    concrete
    • Used as road material & railway ballast.
    Public building
    Public Building

    Residential

    Weirs
    HARBOUR

    DAM
    ABUTMENT

    BALLAST
    Classification of rocks

    Geological Chemical
    • Igneous rocks •Silicious
    • Sedimentary rocks •Argillaceous
    •Calcarious
    • Metamorphic rocks
    Practical
    Physical •Granite
    • Stratified rocks •Basalts
    •Laterites
    • Unstratified rocks
    •Marbles
    • Foliated rocks •Limestone
    •Sand stones
    •Slates
    • Igneous rocks
    These types of rocks are
    formed by cooling the
    mother lava on or inside the
    earth surface during the
    volcanic eruption.
    Ex: Crystalline - Granite
    Non Crystalline – Basalt
    • Sedimentary rocks
    These are formed by
    gradual deposition of
    disintegrated rocks( due to
    the atmospheric action
    such as rain, wind,
    temperature), vegetable
    matters and clay at the
    bottom of rivers, lakes or
    sea
    • Ex: lime stone & sand
    stone(stratified)
    Metamorphic rocks
    When sedimentary or ever igneous rocks are subjected to
    great heat and pressure inside earth, a new variety of rock
    is formed which is known as metamorphic rock.
    Ex:
    Lime stone changes to Marble.
    Slate changes to Gneiss.
    Stratified rocks
    • Which exhibit distinct
    layers
    • Which can be separated
    • Separation of the layers
    takes place along plane
    • Ex: lime stone, slate &
    sandstone
    Unstratified Rocks

    They do not show any sign of strata and cannot be easily split into
    slabs.
    Ex : Granite and Marble
    Silicious rocks
    • This rock containing silica as main constituent.
    • Ex: Sandstone, Quartzite

    Argillaceous rocks
    • Clay or alumina is the main constituent.
    • Ex: Slate, Laterite, Kaolin

    Calcarious rocks
    • They have calcium carbonate or lime as their leading
    constituent.
    • Ex: Limestone, Marble.
     Cost
     Colour
     Durability
     Fashion
     Ornamental value
     Suitability
     Resistance of fire and weathering
     Arrangement & Shape of mineral constituents
    Quarrying of stones

    • The Open part of natural rocks from which the stone is


    obtained is called quarry
    • The Operation involved in the production of natural stone
    is known as quarrying process.

    Methods of quarrying
    • Digging by hand tools
    • Heating
    • Wedging
    • blasting
    Factors for selection of quarry

    • Sufficient quantity of stone of desired quality


    • Proper transportation facility
    • Cheap Local labour
    • Problems relate with drainage of rain water
    • Dumping refuse
    Test on stones
    • Acid test
    • Attrition test
    • Crushing strength test
    • Crystallization test
    • Freezing & thawing test
    • Impact test
    • Hardness test
    • Smith’s test
    • Microscopic test
    • Water absorption test
    This test is carried out on stone to check the
    weathering resistance.
     Appearance & colour • Weight
     strength • Hardness
     Structure / texture • Water absorption
     Fracture • Seasoning
     Durability • Weathering
     Dressing facility • Resistance of fire
     Toughness • Specific gravity

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