Physiotherapy: by Ayugi Winnyfred Patience Bachelor of Science in Midwifery

PHYSIOTHERAPY
By
Ayugi Winnyfred Patience
Bachelor of science in midwifery
Objectives
• Define physiotherapy
• Types of exercise
• Benefits of exercise.
Defn.
Physiotherapy is the treatment of injury, disease or d
eformity by physical methods such as massage, heat
therapy and exercise rather than the use of drugs or s
urgery.
Types of physiotherapy
• Neurological physiotherapy –
• Neurological conditions lead to extreme muscle we
akness, loss of balance and coordination, muscle sp
asm,loss of function, and decreased sensation. Neu
rological physiotherapy aims at establishing mobilit
y and treating functional disorders which originate f
rom nervous and neuromuscular system such as str
oke, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, m
ultiple sclerosis, sciatica, aneurysm, and Parkinson’s
disease.
•
Orthopedic/ musculoskeletal
physiotherapy –
This sub-specialty deals with repairing the deformitie
s and treating the ailments related to human muscul
oskeletal system, which include correcting the muscl
es, ligaments, bones, joints, and tendons. The main ai
m is to alleviate pain, increase mobilization, and to re
ctify the skeletal injury.
•
Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy
Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy – This sub-specialty t
reats the patients who suffer from cardiopulmonary
disorders such as cardiac arrest and chronic obstructi
ve pulmonary disease. Physiotherapists run cardiac r
ehabilitation centers and educate the patients about
certain forms of exercises and resistance training tec
hniques which can help them improve their overall q
uality of life.
•
Pediatric physiotherapy
– Pediatric physiotherapists help in improving acute i
njuries, defects which are present at the time of birth
, delayed physical growth, or certain genetic defects s
uch as cerebral palsy (a condition which restricts the
overall movement and coordination). Physiotherapist
s use various therapeutic exercises in children, which
can aid in strengthening the affected parts; thereby i
mproving the precise and overall movement of those
parts.
Geriatric physiotherapy
– This sub-specialty deals with certain age-related I
medical conditions such as arthritis (pain in the joint
s), osteoporosis (fragile and brittle bones). Geriatric p
hysiotherapists guide elderly about restricting certain
movements which can aggravate pain, provide their
patients with gait aides to improve overall mobility a
nd to minimize pain by employing various techniques
and exercises.
Exercise
• Exercise involves engaging in physical activity and in
creasing the heart rate beyond resting levels.
• It is an important part of preserving physical and m
ental health.
Types of exercise.
• aerobic
• anaerobic
• Balancing
• Strength training
• Stretching
Aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise aims to improve how the body uses oxygen.
An aerobic exercise session involves warming up, exercising for at least 20 minu
tes, and then cooling down. Aerobic exercise mostly uses large muscle groups.
•
• Aerobic exercise provides the following benefits:
improves muscle strength in the lungs, heart, and whole body

lowered blood pressure
improves circulation and blood flow in the muscles
Increases the red blood cell count to enhance oxygen transportation
Reduces the risk of diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Improves life expectancy and symptoms for people with coronary artery disea
ses
Stimulates bone growth and reduces the risk of osteoporosis when at high int
ensity
Improves sleep hygiene
Enhances stamina by increasing the body’s ability to store energy molecules, s
uch as fats and carbohydrates, within muscle
Anaerobic exercise.
Aerobic exercise does not use oxygen for energy. People use this type of e
xercise to build power, strength, and muscle mass.
These exercises are high-intensity activities that should last no longer tha
n around 2 minutes. Anaerobic exercises include
weightlifting
Sprinting
Intensive and fast skipping with a rope
Interval training
Isometrics
Any rapid burst of intense activity
While all exercise benefits the heart and lungs, anaerobic exercise provi
des fewer benefits for cardiovascular health than aerobic exercise and u
ses fewer calories. However, it is more effective than aerobic exercise for
building muscle and improving strength.
Increasing muscle mass causes the body to burn more fat, even when re
sting. Muscle is the most efficient tissue for burning fat in the body.
Balancing
• Typical balance exercises include standing on one fo
ot or walking heel to toe, with your eyes open or cl
osed.
• The physical therapist may also have you focus on j
oint flexibility, walking on uneven surfaces, and stre
ngthening leg muscles with exercises such as squats
and leg lifts.
Stretching
Then perform static stretches (holding a stretch positi
on for up to 60 seconds) for the calves, the hamstring
s, hip flexors, quadriceps, and the muscles of the sho
ulders, neck, and lower back.
• "However, don't push a stretch into the painful rang
e that tightens the muscle and is counterproductiv
e,"
Strength training
A physical therapist can design a strength training pro
gram that you can do two to three times a week at a
gym, at home, or at work. It will likely include body w
eight exercises like squats, push-ups, and lunges, and
exercises involving resistance from a weight, a band,
or a weight machine
Benefits of exercise.
• Controls weight.
• Combats health conditions and diseases such as sh
ock, high blood pressure, diabetes, falls, and arthriti
s
• Boosts energy through oxygen delivery to tissues al
so making cardiovascular system work more effectiv
ely.
• Promotes better sleep.
• Fun and social.
Risks for not exercising
A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of the following h

ealth problems:

cardiovascular disease
Type 2 diabetes
Osteoporosis
It can also contribute to an increased risk of premature d
eath from all causes, including the complications of being
overweight and obesity.

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PHYSIOTHERAPY

improves muscle strength in the lungs, heart, and whole body

A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of the following h

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