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    Bacillus: Spore-Forming Gram Positive

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    علي عبد الكريم عاصي
    This document describes Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus are gram positive rods that can form spores allowing survival in extreme temperatures and conditions. B. anthracis causes anthrax and produces toxins that are virulence factors. It causes cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax. B. cereus can cause two types of food poisoning. While both are spore forming bacilli, B. anthracis is pathogenic and causes anthrax through toxin production, while B. cereus typically causes short-lived food poisoning.

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    Bacillus: Spore-Forming Gram Positive

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    علي عبد الكريم عاصي
    22 views24 pages
    This document describes Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus are gram positive rods that can form spores allowing survival in extreme temperatures and conditions. B. anthracis causes anthrax and produces toxins that are virulence factors. It causes cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax. B. cereus can cause two types of food poisoning. While both are spore forming bacilli, B. anthracis is pathogenic and causes anthrax through toxin production, while B. cereus typically causes short-lived food poisoning.

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    Spore forming (2)

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    This document describes Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus are gram positive rods that can form spores allowing survival in extreme temperatures and conditions. B. anthracis causes anthrax and produces toxins that are virulence factors. It causes cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax. B. cereus can cause two types of food poisoning. While both are spore forming bacilli, B. anthracis is pathogenic and causes anthrax through toxin production, while B. cereus typically causes short-lived food poisoning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    22 views24 pages

    Bacillus: Spore-Forming Gram Positive

    Uploaded by

    علي عبد الكريم عاصي
    This document describes Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus are gram positive rods that can form spores allowing survival in extreme temperatures and conditions. B. anthracis causes anthrax and produces toxins that are virulence factors. It causes cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax. B. cereus can cause two types of food poisoning. While both are spore forming bacilli, B. anthracis is pathogenic and causes anthrax through toxin production, while B. cereus typically causes short-lived food poisoning.

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    of 24

    Spore-Forming Gram positive

    Bacillus
    General Characteristics of Bacillus
     Gram positive rods.
    *most are saprophytic or normal flora
    *Bacillus anthracis is the most important member
     Produce endospores.(heat & cold resistance
    spores)
     Aerobic or facultative anaerobe
     Catalase positive
    *Rapidly differentiates from Clostridia
     Most of the Bacillus spp. Are found in soil, water
    and airborne dust thermophilic(≤75 Cº)and
    psychrophilic (≥5-8 Cº).
    Laboratory Characteristics of Bacillus
     On blood agar
    • Large, spreading, gray-white colonies, with irregular
    margins
    • Many are beta-hemolytic (helpful in differentiating various
    Bacillus spp. from B. anthracis)
     Spores seen after several days of incubation, but not
    typically in fresh clinical specimens
    Bacillus anthracis
    Physiology and structure of Bacillus
    anthracis

    *spore-forming gram-positive bacilli.


    *Facultative anaerobe
    *Nonfastidious growth of non hemolytic
    colonies
    *Polypeptide capsule consisting of poly-D-
    glutamic acid
    Properties Bacillus anthracis
     Large gram + rod.
     Square ends, frequently found in chains.
     Nonmotile, other members of the genus are motile.
     Culture on blood agar.
     3 forms of anthrax:
    Cutaneous ‫ ــ‬Painless ulcer with a black eschar.
    pulmonary – inhalation of spores
    gastrointestinal – ingested spores
    Virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis

     Present of capsule and this capsule consisting


    of poly-D-glutamic acid
     Virulent strains produce three exotoxins
    *Letho factor
    *Edema factor
    *Spreading factor
    These factors are allow bacteria to cause disease
     Spores can survive in soil for years
    Clinical presentation of
    Anthrax(Cutaneous Anthrax)
     95% human cases are cutaneous infections
     1 to 5 days after contact
     Small, pruritic, non-painful papule at inoculation
    site
     Papule develops into hemorrhagic vesicle &
    ruptures
     Slow-healing painless ulcer covered with black
    eschar surrounded by edema
     Infection may spread to lymphatics
     Septicemia may develop
     20% mortality in untreated cutaneous anthrax .
    Clinical presentation of
    Anthrax(Inhalation Anyhrax)
     Virtually 100% fatal (pneumonic)
     Meningitis may complicate cutaneous and
    inhalation forms of disease
     Pharyngeal anthrax
    *Fever
    *Pharyngitis
    *Neck swelling
    Clinical presentation of
    Anthrax(Gastrointestinal Anthrax)
     Virtually 100% fatal
     Abdominal pain
     Hemorrhagic ascites
     Paracentesis fluid may reveal gram
    positive rods
    Edema and necrosis Inhalation anthrax with
    around eye bilateral pneumonia, more
    severe in left lower lung.
    Laboratory diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis

     Gram staining ;rod shaped, gram


    positive
     Anthrax quick ELISA test.
     From clinical sample , such as blood,
    cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skin lesion
    (eschar)
    Laboratory diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis

     growth on sheep blood agar;


    -Large gram-positive rods
    -Nonmotile
    -Nonhemolytic
     Gelatin stab culture
     Chest X-ray
    Bacillus cereus
    Quest. Recognize anthracis VS cereus
    Physiology and structure of
    Bacillus cereus
     Spore forming gram positive bacilli.
     Facultative anaerobe.
     Nonfastidious growth requirement.
     Spores on grains such as rice
    Virulence factor of Bacillus cereus

     The bacteria produce two kind of toxins


    *Heat-labile enterotoxin.
    *Heat-stable enterotoxin.
     Spores can survive in soil
     Tissue destruction is mediated by
    cytotoxic enzymes including cereolysin
    and phospholipase C .
    Laboratory diagnosis and
    Clinical features

     Cause food poisoning.


     Two symptoms a. Short incubation (4hrs) const.
    nausea & vomiting. b. Long incubation (18hrs)
    watery, nonbloody diarrhea.
     Lab. Diagnosis not usually done.
     Isolation of the organism in implicated food
    product or nonfecal specimens(e.g., eyes,
    wound).
    Edited by Asst.lec D.M.A

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