This document discusses scatterplots and correlation. It explains that scatterplots show the relationship between two quantitative variables measured in the same individuals. The explanatory variable should be plotted on the x-axis. A correlation coefficient between -1 and 1 measures the strength of the linear relationship, with values closer to -1 or 1 indicating a stronger relationship. The document cautions that correlation does not imply causation and provides an example of backpacking weights to have students practice interpreting a scatterplot.
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This document discusses scatterplots and correlation. It explains that scatterplots show the relationship between two quantitative variables measured in the same individuals. The explanatory variable should be plotted on the x-axis. A correlation coefficient between -1 and 1 measures the strength of the linear relationship, with values closer to -1 or 1 indicating a stronger relationship. The document cautions that correlation does not imply causation and provides an example of backpacking weights to have students practice interpreting a scatterplot.
This document discusses scatterplots and correlation. It explains that scatterplots show the relationship between two quantitative variables measured in the same individuals. The explanatory variable should be plotted on the x-axis. A correlation coefficient between -1 and 1 measures the strength of the linear relationship, with values closer to -1 or 1 indicating a stronger relationship. The document cautions that correlation does not imply causation and provides an example of backpacking weights to have students practice interpreting a scatterplot.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses scatterplots and correlation. It explains that scatterplots show the relationship between two quantitative variables measured in the same individuals. The explanatory variable should be plotted on the x-axis. A correlation coefficient between -1 and 1 measures the strength of the linear relationship, with values closer to -1 or 1 indicating a stronger relationship. The document cautions that correlation does not imply causation and provides an example of backpacking weights to have students practice interpreting a scatterplot.
Copyright:
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Section 3.
1 Scatterplots and Correlation Are Baseballs “Juiced”?
Do these data provide convincing
evidence that baseballs have begun to fly farther over time? What Do You Want? When examining relationships among variables, two questions become important. Do you want to simply explore the nature of the relationship, or do you think that some of the variables help explain or even cause changes in the others?
Sometimes explanatory variables are called
independent variables, and response variables are called dependent variables. Which Is Response, Which Is Explanatory? Neither? • Researchers give several different amounts of alcohol to mice, then measure the change in each mouse’s body temperature in the 15 minutes after taking the alcohol. • Jim wants to know the relationship between mean SAT Math and Verbal scores. He doesn’t believe either score explains the other. • Julie wonders if she can predict a state’s mean SAT Math score if she knows its mean SAT Verbal score. What’s the Relationship? A scatterplot shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same individuals.
If there is an explanatory variable, always plot it on
the horizontal axis (x-axis) Interpreting a Scatterplot As in any graph of data, look for the overall pattern and striking deviations from that pattern: Describing a Scatterplot
• Trend: positive, negative, or none
• Unusual Features: clusters, outliers, or influential points • Shape: linear, curved, or neither • Strength: strong, moderate, or weak; constant or varying strength Not just quantitative Categorical variables can be communicated by colors and symbols
(Southern states in blue)
Related by Association Two variables can have a positive association… High values associated with high values a negative association…
High values associated
with low values or no clear association or pattern. Which Correlation is Stronger? Set 1
or…
Set 2
Neither! They are the same set of data, plotted on differently sized fields. Our eyes are not good judges of how strong a linear relationship is. Do My Eyes Deceive Me? Data analysis of a scatterplot needs to be supplemented by a numerical measure: Correlation Coefficient: -1 ≤ r ≤ 1 Cautions! You Try It! Freshmen at the Webb Schools go on a backpacking trip at the start of each school year. Students are divided into hiking groups of size 8 by selection of names from a hat. Prior to departure, each student’s body weight and backpack weight are measured (both in pounds). Here are data from one hiking group in a recent year:
