Computer Organization and Assembly Language: Evolution of Computers Intel Family Architecture
Computer Organization and Assembly Language: Evolution of Computers Intel Family Architecture
Computer Organization and Assembly Language: Evolution of Computers Intel Family Architecture
ORGANIZATION AND
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Lecture 3
Evolution of Computers
Intel Family Architecture
Course Instructor: Darwin Vargas
What are microprocessors?
A microprocessor is a processor (or Central Processing Unit, CPU)
fabricated on a single integrated circuit.
IR
Control
Control bus
unit
Y
Data bus ALU ACC
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.html
1-3
Evolution of Computers
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.html
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/brochure/museum.html
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/650.html
1-4
Evolution of Computers
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.html
http://www.computer50.org/kgill/transistor/trans.html
1-5
Evolution of Computers
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.html
http://www.piercefuller.com/collect/pdp8.html
1-6
Evolution of Computers
Control logic
Instruction Program
decoder counter
ALU Reg.
I/O
Refresh
logic
System bus
http://www.intel.com
A good review article: The History of The Microprocessor, Bell Labs Technical Journal,
Autumn, 1997
1-7
Evolution of Intel Microprocessors
Number of transistors Minimum transistor sizes (µm)
P III 8080
Pentium P4
80386 P II
8088 80486
80286
8088
8080
80386
Pentium
80286 P II P III P 4
80486
1-8
Other Commercial Microprocessors
Other
Keyboard Monitor Disk
... ...
peripherals
Bus
1-10
Applications of Microprocessors
Microcontrollers
¾ A microcontroller is a simple
computer implemented in a
RAM ROM
single VLSI chip. OSC.
¾ In general, microcontrollers
CPU
are cheap and have low I/O port
performance
Timer USART
¾ Microcontrollers are widely
used in industrial control, Interrupt A/D, D/A
automobile and home
applications
Block diagram of a microcontroller
1-11
What is a microprocessor?
Criteria
number of chips
data path
address space
CPU performance
Price
Types of micrprocessor
Application
Reprogrammable microprocessors
embedded microprocessors and microcontrollers
Instruction complexity
CISC
RISC
The 8086 Family
The 8086 Microprocessor (1978):
−20-bit address bus.
−16-bit internal data bus.
−16-bit external data bus.
−Separate bus interface unit (BIU) and execution unit
(EU).
−16-bit registers (with the ability to access the high or
low 8 bits separately).
−Built in hardware multiply and divide instructions.
−Support for an external floating-point math
coprocessor.
The 8086 Family
The 8088 Microprocessor (1979):
−20-bit address bus.
−16-bit internal data bus.
−8-bit external data bus.
−Separate bus interface unit (BIU) and execution unit
(EU).
−16-bit registers (with the ability to access the high or
low 8 bits separately).
−Built in hardware multiply and divide instructions.
−Support for an external floating-point math
coprocessor.
The 8086 Family