Session 3 High Performance Concrete

High performance concrete
• Definition and advantages

• Components and ingredients of HPC
• Mix design method for HPC
• Properties of HPC
• Applications of HPC in Bridges and Flyover
• Applications of HPC in Nuclear power plants
Definition of HPC
• ACI defines HPC as it is a • It should satisfy following
engineered concrete of strength requirements
which one or more 1. 4 Hour strength > 17.5 N/mm2
properties such as 2. 24 Hour strength > 35 N/mm2
workability, strength, and 3. 28 Days strength > 70 N/mm2
durability are enhance • It should have durability factor
through proper selection of not less than 80 % after 300
freezing and thawing cycles
ingredients and their mix
• It should have water cement
proportions ratio less than 0.35 to achieve
better strength
Advantages of HPC
• High strength causes reduction in size of structural members.
• Reduction of size of structural members mean less weight on
foundation which will reduce the foundation size.
• High early gain strength which causes less stripping time for form
work also reduction in formwork cost.
• Longer spans and less beams for same magnitude of loading as
compared to CCC.
• Reduction in span causes automatic reduction in no of columns and
related foundations
• Reduction in thickness of floor slab and supporting beam sections
which are major components of weight on foundations
• Construction of good durable structure under any type of loading
condition or exposure conditions
• Less creep and shrinkage, greater stiffness as compared to CCC
• Higher resistance to freezing and thawing, chemical attack, and
cracking.
• Reduced maintenance and repair
• Over all economical comparing life cycle cost of project
Ingredients of HPC
Superplasticizer Cement
Mineral admixtures Coarse and Fine aggregate
Water
Mineral Admixtures
Mineral admixtures
Reactive type Inert materials
Natural Pozzolona Artificial Pozzolona

1. Fly ash
1. Clay and shale 2. GGBS 1) Finely grounded marble
2. Opalinc cherts 3. Silica fume
4. Rice husk ash
2) Quartz
3. Diatomaceous earth
4. Volcanic tuffs and pumicities 5. Metakaolin 3) Granite powder
6. Surkhi
Chemical requirements of fly ash as per IS 3812
part I 2003
Sr. Characteristic Requirements
No.
1 Silicon dioxide (Sio2) + Aluminum oxide ( Al2 o3) + iron oxide (Fe2 70
O3) % by mass min
2 Silicon dioxide (Sio2) by mass min 35
3 Reactive silica in percentage by mass min 20
4 Magnesium oxide (MgO) percentage by mass Max 5
5 Total Sulphur as SO3 percentage by mass Max 3
6 Alkalis percentage by mass Max 1.5
7 Total chloride in present by mass Max 0.05
8 Loss of ignition percentage by mass Max 5.0

Physical requirements
Sr. Characteristics Requirement

No. values
1 Fineness Specific surface in m2/Kg 320
2 Compressive strength at 28 days in Not less than 80 % of

N/mm2, Min corresponding plain
cement mortar cubes
3 Lime reactivity – Avg compressive 4.5
strength in N/mm2
4 Soundness by autoclave test expansion 0.8

of specimens % Max
Oxide composition of cement clinker, fly ash
and GGBS
Sr. No. Constituents Percentage content
Cement clinker Blast furnace slag Fly ash
(IS 12089- 1987)
1 Lime CaO 60-67 30-45 1.0-3.0
2 Silica SiO2 17-25 30-38 35-60
3 Alumina Al2O3 3.0-8.0 15-25 10-30
4 Iron Oxide Fe2O3 0.5-6.0 0.5-2.0 4-10
5 MgO 0.1-4.0 4.0-17.0 0.2-5.0
6 MnO2 ----- 1.0-5.0 ---------
7 Glass ------ 85-98 20-30
8 Sp. gravity 3.15 2.9 2.1-2.6

Silica fume
• Undensified form with bulk • At least 85% of silicon dioxide in
density 200 - 300 Kg/m3 non crystalline form.
• Densified form with bulk density • Particle size with diameter in
500- 600 Kg/m3 between 0.1 to 0.2 micron
• Micro palletized form with bulk • Min specific surface area is 15000
density 600 -800 Kg/m3 m2/kg
• Slurry form with bulk density • Spherical particle shape
1400 Kg/m3 • Sp. Gravity 2.2
In India marketed by Elkem
• It must confirm the requirements metallurgy Ltd. Vashi Navi
of IS 15388 –2003 or ASTM C Mumbai, M/s Mc-Bauchemie Pvt
1240 -2000 Ltd under the trade name Centrilit
fumes (Slurry form)
Rice husk ash
• Silica 85 % min
• Moisture content 2 % max
• Particle size 25 micron
• Colour grey
• Loss on Ignition at 800oC- 4% max
• Ph value 8
Comparison of RHA with other mineral
admixtures
Characteristics Supplementary Cementitious materials
Silica fume Metakaolin RHA
Silica 90-94 48-55 92
Alumina 1-3 40-45 0.5
Iron oxide 1.5-2.5 1-2 0.2
Lime 0.5 2-4 0.5
MgO 1-3 0.12-1 0.5
Alkalies <2 < 0.5 2-4
Loss of ignition 2-4 <2 2-4
Fineness m2/g 25-27 15-20 20-25

Metakaolin
Characteristic Value
Silica (Wt %) 48-55
Alumina 40-45
Iron oxide 1-2
Lime 2-4
MgO 0.12-1
Na2O < 0.5
K2O <2
Loss of ignition 15-20
Fineness m2/g 48-55
Surkhi / Calcined clay pozzolana
IS 1344 1981 For use in mortar/ concrete

IS 1727 1967 Testing of material
Superplasticizer
• Sulphonated malanie • Improve the workability
formaldehyde condensates • Concrete with even 200 to
• Sulphonated naphthalene 300 mm slump can also
formaldehyde condensates formed.
• Modified lignosulphates • Increases strength
• Other types
• Dosage 0.25 % to 3.0 % by
weight of cement
Factors affecting the
workability of concrete in
case of use of Plasticizer or Site problems in the use of
Super plasticizer Superplasticizer
• Type of Plasticizer or Super • Slump loss

plasticizer • Problem with crushed sand
• Dosage • Sequence of addition of
• Mix composition Superplasticizer
• Variability in cement • Type of mixer
composition • Importance of shape and
• Mixing procedure grading of aggregates
• Equipment • Casting the cubes
• Others • Shrinkage loss
Properties of HPC
• Properties of Fresh concrete
• Chloride ingress
• Resistance against sea water
• Sulphate attack
• High resistance against alkali aggregate reaction
• Abrasion resistance
• Less permeability
• Reduction of corrosion of steel
• Resistance to freezing and thawing
• Curing- Initial curing and wet curing

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High performance concrete

• Definition and advantages

Mineral admixtures Coarse and Fine aggregate

Reactive type Inert materials

Natural Pozzolona Artificial Pozzolona

3 Reactive silica in percentage by mass min 20

4 Magnesium oxide (MgO) percentage by mass Max 5

5 Total Sulphur as SO3 percentage by mass Max 3

6 Alkalis percentage by mass Max 1.5

7 Total chloride in present by mass Max 0.05

8 Loss of ignition percentage by mass Max 5.0

Sr. Characteristics Requirement

2 Compressive strength at 28 days in Not less than 80 % of

4 Soundness by autoclave test expansion 0.8

2 Silica SiO2 17-25 30-38 35-60

3 Alumina Al2O3 3.0-8.0 15-25 10-30

4 Iron Oxide Fe2O3 0.5-6.0 0.5-2.0 4-10

5 MgO 0.1-4.0 4.0-17.0 0.2-5.0

6 MnO2 ----- 1.0-5.0 ---------

7 Glass ------ 85-98 20-30

8 Sp. gravity 3.15 2.9 2.1-2.6

Characteristics Supplementary Cementitious materials

Silica fume Metakaolin RHA

Silica 90-94 48-55 92

Alumina 1-3 40-45 0.5

Iron oxide 1.5-2.5 1-2 0.2

Lime 0.5 2-4 0.5

MgO 1-3 0.12-1 0.5

Alkalies <2 < 0.5 2-4

Loss of ignition 2-4 <2 2-4

Fineness m2/g 25-27 15-20 20-25

IS 1344 1981 For use in mortar/ concrete

• Type of Plasticizer or Super • Slump loss

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