Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 68 views

    Nanotechnology and Medicine: Department of Physics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar

    Uploaded by

    Ankita Sharma1610
    Nanotechnology has applications in medicine including targeted drug delivery, disease detection, and medical imaging. It involves manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale to create materials and devices with novel properties. There are two main approaches - top-down, which starts with bulk material and removes pieces, and bottom-up which builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Some medical uses include liposomes and dendrimers for drug delivery, quantum dots for cancer detection, and magnetic nanoparticles for MRI contrast enhancement. Benefits include smaller less invasive devices while concerns include potential toxicity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Nanotechnology and Medicine: Department of Physics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar

    Uploaded by

    Ankita Sharma1610
    68 views25 pages
    Nanotechnology has applications in medicine including targeted drug delivery, disease detection, and medical imaging. It involves manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale to create materials and devices with novel properties. There are two main approaches - top-down, which starts with bulk material and removes pieces, and bottom-up which builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Some medical uses include liposomes and dendrimers for drug delivery, quantum dots for cancer detection, and magnetic nanoparticles for MRI contrast enhancement. Benefits include smaller less invasive devices while concerns include potential toxicity.

    Original Description:

    nanopartical and their application

    Original Title

    ankita sharma 16073010

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Nanotechnology has applications in medicine including targeted drug delivery, disease detection, and medical imaging. It involves manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale to create materials and devices with novel properties. There are two main approaches - top-down, which starts with bulk material and removes pieces, and bottom-up which builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Some medical uses include liposomes and dendrimers for drug delivery, quantum dots for cancer detection, and magnetic nanoparticles for MRI contrast enhancement. Benefits include smaller less invasive devices while concerns include potential toxicity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    68 views25 pages

    Nanotechnology and Medicine: Department of Physics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar

    Uploaded by

    Ankita Sharma1610
    Nanotechnology has applications in medicine including targeted drug delivery, disease detection, and medical imaging. It involves manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale to create materials and devices with novel properties. There are two main approaches - top-down, which starts with bulk material and removes pieces, and bottom-up which builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Some medical uses include liposomes and dendrimers for drug delivery, quantum dots for cancer detection, and magnetic nanoparticles for MRI contrast enhancement. Benefits include smaller less invasive devices while concerns include potential toxicity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Nanotechnology And Medicine

    Department of Physics
    Guru Jambheshwar University of Science
    & Technology Hisar
    Ankita Sharma
    16073010
    Msc Phy 10th Sem
    Key Points
     History and foundation.
     Nanotech.
     Synthesis techniques.
     Applications.
     Medical applications.
     Benefits of using nanotech.
     Possible Concerns
    History and foundation
     The concept of a “nanometer” was first proposed by Richard
    Zsigmondy, the 1925 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
     Modern nanotechnology father Richard Feynman, the 1965 Nobel
    Prize in physics.
     During the 1959 American Physical Society meeting at Caltech, he
    presented a lecture titled, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”
     "tiny nanorobots and related machines could be designed,
    manufactured, and introduced into the human body to perform
    cellular repairs at the molecular level”.
     The term "Nano-technology" had been coined by Norio Taniguchi
    in1974
     Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the
    discovery of fullerene(C60) in 1985 lead to the emergence of
    nanotechnology.
    Nanotech
     Nanotechnology is the term derived from the Greek word
    “nano” meaning “dwarf”
     A nanometer is a billionth of a meter.
     Nanotechnology is a field of research and innovation
    concerned with a building 'things' - generally, materials and
    devices - on the scale of atoms and molecules.
    Synthesis techniques
     2 approaches –
     bottom up approach
     top down approach
    Top down approach
     Start with bulk material and “cut away material “ to make what you
    want. 
     These seek to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their
    assembly
     Begins with a pattern generated on a larger scale, then reduced to
    nanoscale
     Relatively expensive and time consuming technique
     The approach use larger (macroscopic) initial structures
     The structures can be externally-controlled in the processing of
    nanostructures
     ATTRITION: In attrition, macro- or micro-scale particles are grind in
    a ball mill, a planetary ball mill, or other size-reducing mechanism.
    Bottom up approach
     Start with atoms or molecules and build up to nanostructures
     Fabrication is much less expensive
     Includes the miniturization of materials components (atomic
    level)leading to formation of nano structures.
     During Self assembly the physical forces operating at
    nanoscale are used to combine basic units into larger stable
    structure
     Formation of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapour
    deposition .
    Applications
     Electronics:Carbon nanotubes are close to replacing silicon as
    a material for making smaller, faster and more efficient
    microchips and devices.. 
      Energy:A new semiconductor developed by Kyoto University
    makes it possible to manufacture solar panels that double the
    amount of sunlight converted into electricity.
     Biomedicine:The properties of some nanomaterials make them
    ideal for improving early diagnosis and treatment of
    neurodegenerative diseases or cancer.
      Food: nanobiosensors could be used to detect the presence of
    pathogens in food or nanocomposites to improve food
    production
     Textile:Nanotechnology makes it possible to develop smart
    fabrics that don't stain nor wrinkle, as well as stronger, lighter
    and more durable materials 
    Nanotechnology In Healthcare Management

     Liposomes
     Quantum dots
     Nanoshells
     Cantilevers
     Dendrimers
     Nanowires
    A list of some of the applications
    of nonmaterial to medicine
     Fluorescent biological labels
     Drug and gene delivery
     Bio detection of pathogens
     Detection of proteins
     Probing of DNA structure
     Tissue engineering
     Tumor destruction via heating (hyperthermia)
     MRI contrast enhancement
    Targeted Drug Delivery System

     The basic point to use drug delivery is based upon three facts,
     Efficient encapsulation of the drugs,
     Successful delivery of required drugs to the targeted region of
    the body and
     Successful release of that drug there.
     Sample Methods:
     Smart Drugs

     Nanocomposite hydrogel systems

     Magnetic Nanoparticles
    Smart drugs

     Attack specific antigens


     Immunotoxins that are protein in nature
     Consist of an antibody part and toxic part
    Nanocomposite hydrogel systems

     Thermo therapeutic process


     Releases drugs that are encapsulated on heating
     Gold nanoshells/nanoparticles can be used
     Ideal wavelengths of light are infra red i.e 800-1200nm
    Magnetic Nanoparticles

     Drugs are bound to magnetic nanoparticles


     Carry drugs to malignant sites with magnetic fields
     Release the drugs by enzymatic activity
    Disease Detection
     Cancer/Virus Detection
     Carbon Nanotubes
     Gold nanoparticles & Nanodots
     Nanowires
     Gene Detection
     Silicon nanowires
    Cancer/Virus Detection

     Carbon Nanotubes:
     Covered with monoclonal antibodies
     Antibodies for growth factor receptor commonly found
    in cancer cells
     Current increases measured
     Silicon Nanowires
     Similar in use to nanotubes
     Antibodies attached to wire
     Current changes measured
     Can be applied to cancer cells and viruses
    Cancer/Virus Detection
     Gold Nanoparticles & Nanodots
     Similar application
     Antibodies attached to nanoparticles
     Nanoparticle antibodies bind to cancer cells
     Colors reflected when light hits particles
     Shapes and sizes affect color
    Imaging Techniques

     Conventional Techniques:
     X-ray, MRI, Fluoroscopy
     CAT scan
     Limitations
     Limited detail
     Difficult to track movement
    Imaging Techniques via nonmaterial
     Molecular Tracking:
     Use Quantum Dots as labels
     Dots attached to molecules before injection
     Fluoroscopy used to track movement
     Colors from dots seen and imaged
     Tracking blood flow:
     Tag proteins of cells with gold nanoparticles
     View process of angiogenesis
     Important for cancer detection and imaging

     Cancer Imaging:
     Injection of gold nanoparticles
     Localization around tumors
     CT scan shows cancerous regions
    Benefits of Using Nanomaterials

     Smaller devices are less invasive.


     They can be implanted inside body.
     Biochemical reaction time is much shorter.
     Devices are faster & more sensitive than typical
     drug delivery.
    Currently in maarket

     Abraxane : albunem named nanoproduct use to treat breast


    cancer.
     Doxil : ovarian cancer treatment
     Cornell dots: silica nanoparticle used to detect cancer cells.
    Possible Concerns

     Negative biological side-effects:


     Toxicity of quantum nanodots
     Effects on living organisms not well known
     Gold nanoparticles safer:
     Biologically inert
     Won’t interact with other chemicals
    Thank you
    References

     Nanotechnology: History and future:JE Hulla, SC Sahu, AW Hayes:


    https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0960327115603588
     ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL SCIENCES: A
    REVIEW; Muhammad Idrees. / Vol 5/ Issue 1/ 2015 / 14-24.
     El-Sherbini TM. Impact of Physics on Medical Sciences and
    Applications: Lasers and Nanotechnology. Insights Med Phys. 2016, 1:1.
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology

    You might also like