Lesson 2-Summarizing, Identifying Thesis Statement, Paraphrasing and Outlining Reading Texts in Various Disciplines

Lesson
z
2- Summarizing, Identifying Thesis
Statement, Paraphrasing and Outlining
Reading Texts in Various Disciplines
Practice Test
Directions: Identify which of the following supports the principle of summarizing. In
your notebook, write the letter of your choice.
1. We use summarizing to:
A. Retell a story B. Reduce information to essential ideas
C.Get through an article more quickly D.Understand easily
2. When summarizing, we want to unimportant information.
A. Summarize B. Highlight
C.Disregard D.Include
3. The main idea is
A. All the information provided B. The most important information
C. Nothing to worry about D. Unimportant information
4. Basic Signal words are Who, What, When, Where, Why,How
A. True B. False
5. The gives the reader an idea about what the paragraph is going to be about.
A. Concluding sentence B. Summary
C. Topic sentence D.Body
What is Summarizing?
Summary is a synopsis or digest of the essence of

an entire text.
Helpful Techniques in Summarizing:

 Read the text you are about to summarize over and over
again.
 Identify the main idea of the text you are planning to
summarize
 Put your feet into your readers’ shoes.
 Ensure a smooth flow of ideas.
 Limit your summary to a few sentences.
 Do not forget to proofread your work
Example 1: Taken from the excerpt Understanding Calories
A calorie, also known as kilocalorie, is a unit of energy. This unit represents the energy required
to heat a kilogram of water on degree Celsius. While people generally link the term calorie with
food, it is a unit of measurement that can be applied to any substance possessing energy. For
instance, there are 8200 calories in a liter (about one quart) of gasoline.
Sentence summary…
A calorie is a unit of energy that represents the energy required to heat a kilogram of water
on degree Celsius. This is also a unit of measurement where 1 liter of gasoline is composed
of 8200 calories. You are now equipped on how to summarize. Here is what you should do
next.
Another 5 Easy Techniques in Summarizing Various
Academic Texts
Technique 1: Somebody Wanted But So Then

“Somebody Wanted But So Then” is an excellent summarizing strategy for
stories. Each word represents a key question related to the story's essential elements:
Somebody: Who is the story about?
Wanted: What does the main charter want?
But: Identify a problem that the main character encountered.
So: How does the main character solve the problem?
Then: Tell how the story ends.
Here is an example of this strategy in action:
Somebody: Little Red Riding Hood
Wanted: She wanted to take cookies to her sick grandmother.
But: She encountered a wolf pretending to be her grandmother.
So: She ran away, crying for help.
Then: A woodsman heard her and saved her from the wolf.
After answering the questions, combine the answers to form a
summary:
 Little Red Riding Hood wanted to take cookies to her sick

grandmother, but she encountered a wolf. He got to her
grandmother’s house first and pretended to be the old woman.
He was going to eat Little Red Riding Hood, but she realized
what he was doing and ran away, crying for help. A woodsman
heard the girl’s cries and saved her from the wolf
Technique 2: SAAC Method
The SAAC method is another useful technique for
summarizing any kind of text (story, article, speech, etc). SAAC is
an acronym for "State, Assign, Action, Complete." Each word in the
acronym refers to a specific element that should be included in the
summary.
State: name of the article, book, or story
Assign: the name of the author
Action: what the author is doing (example: tells, explains)
Complete: complete the sentence or summary with keywords and
important Details
Here is an example of SAAC in action:
State: The Boy Who Cried Wolf
Assign: Aesop (a Greek storyteller)
Action: tells
Complete: what happens when a shepherd boy
repeatedly lies to the villagers about seeing a wolf
The Boy Who Cried Wolf, by Aesop (a Greek storyteller),
tells what happens when a shepherd boy repeatedly lies to
the villagers about seeing a wolf. After a while, they ignore
his false cries. Then, when a wolf really does attack, they
don’t come to help him.

Technique 3: 5 W’s, 1 H
The 5 W's, 1 H strategy relies on six crucial questions: who,

what, when, where, why, and how. These questions make it easy to
identify the main character, the important details, and the main idea.

Who is the story about?
What did they do?
When did the action take place?
Where did the story happen?
Why did the main character do what he/she did?
How did the main character do what he/she did?

Try this technique with a familiar fable such as "The Tortoise
and the Hare."
Who? The tortoise
What? He raced a quick, boastful hare and won.
When? When isn’t specified in this story, so it’s not important
in this case.
Where? An old country road
Why? The tortoise was tired of hearing the hare boast about
his speed.
How? The tortoise kept up his slow but steady pace.
Tortoise got tired of listening to Hare boast
about how fast he was, so he challenged
Hare to a race. Even though he was
slower than Hare, Tortoise won by keeping
up his slow and steady pace when Hare
stopped to take a nap.
Technique 4: First, Then, Finally
The "First Then Finally" technique helps students summarize
events in chronological order. The three words represent the
beginning, main action, and conclusion of a story,
respectively:
First. What happened first? Include the main character
and mainevent/action.
Then. What key details took place during the
event/action?
Finally. What were the results of the event/action?

Here is an example using "Goldilocks and the Three
Bears.“
First, Goldilocks entered the bears' home while they were

gone. Then, she ate their food, sat in their chairs, and slept
in their beds. Finally, she woke up to find the bears
watching her, so she jumped up and ran away.
Technique 5: Give Me the Gist

To introduce the gist method, explain that summarizing
is just like giving a friend the gist of a story, and have your
students tell each other about their favorite books or movies
in 15 seconds or less. You can use the gist method as a fun,
quick way to practice summarizing on a regular basis.

.
 Summarizing is useful in many types of writing

and at different points in the writing process
 Summarizing is used to support an argument,

provide context for a paper’s thesis, write
literature reviews, and annotate a bibliography.
ACTIVITY 1- COMPLETE
ME!

Directions: Following the
techniques above, summarize the
texts by completing the sample
graphic organizer below. Write
your summary on a sheet of paper
Transfer
ACTIVITY 2 SELF-TEST:
Summarize the following text below. Do the same as the given
example.
What is
Paraphrasing?
A PARAPHRASE IS...
 Your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed
by someone else, presented in a new form.
 One legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate

documentation) to borrow from a source.
 A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses

concisely on a single main idea.
What are the steps to paraphrase?
1. Repeatedly read the passage to be paraphrased until you have

completely understood what it says.
2. Do not look at the passage while you are writing your
paraphrase.
3. After writing your paraphrase, read the original passage once
again to check if you
were able to accurately capture its meaning. By doing this, you
will avoid misquoting
your source.
4. Check whether your paraphrase has errors in grammar or
mechanics.
Table 3- Techniques in Paraphrasing
Outlining Reading Texts
Activity 4.- A Memory to Remember

Directions: In this activity, you are tasked to read the list of words or phrases below. Decide
which two general categories, and then put the rest of the words and phrases in the correct
category. Use the table to categorize your answer. Write your answer on a sheet of paper
ACTIVITY 5: MEMORIES TO TREASURE
Directions: Read the words and phrases presented on the table. The two general categories are
given or main topics. Find the words and phrases that name the subtopics under each of the
main categories. Then decide which words and phrases fall under sub-topics, Write your answer
on a sheet of paper
 An outline is a map of your essay or a blueprint. It
shows what information each section or paragraph will
contain, and in what order.
It is a tool we use in the writing process to help

organize our ideas, visualize our paper’s potential
structure, and to further flesh out and develop
points.
Importance of an outline
An outline allows a writer to categorize the main points, to
organize the paragraphs into an order that makes sense, and to make
sure that each paragraph/idea can be fully developed. Essentially, an
outline helps prevent a writer from getting stuck when performing
the actual writing of the essay.
Why out line?
Your main points are on-topic and directly support your thesis
Your main points are logically organized.
Your most important ideas are emphasized, and your less important ideas are
subordinated.
Your main points have enough and relevant supporting evidence
Outlines also help writers:
Make the writing process easier since you have a road map for your essay to
follow.
Break through writer’s block—for people who struggle with writer’s block, it
helps to first set up a structure with lower stakes and less pressure.
Save time writing your essay since you have a clear, focused plan to follow
for your essay.
Ensure each part of your essay relates to the essay.
Thesis Statement
This thesis sentence presents the central idea of the paper. It must
always be a complete, grammatical sentence, specific and brief, which
expresses the point of view you are taking towards the subject.

Main points/ Main Idea/ Sub-Points/ Supporting Details
 Main points (also known as main idea). Chief point an author is making about a topic.
It sums up the author’s primary message.
 Sub -Points (also known as supporting details or idea). A paragraph contains facts,
statements, examples-specifics which guide us to a full understanding of the main
idea. They clarify, illuminate, explain, describe, expand and illustrate the main idea
and are supporting details.
Table 4- Types of Outlines According to Structure
Topic Outline Example
Thesis Statement: The increased use of social media has led to more suicides
among today’s youth--a result of cyberbullying.
I. Effects and Consequences of Cyber Bullying
A. Damage victims
1. depression
2. decrease academic performance
3. suicides
B. Counselling
1. legal consequences
2. academic consequences
II. Prevention
A. Monitoring your Child
1. keeping tabs on activity
2. limiting access to social media
B. Counselling
1. consulting a school counsellor
2. finding a mentor
3. discussing the issue
Sentence Outline Example
Thesis Statement: The abuse of alcohol and drugs can affect a person economically,
psychologically, and physically.
I. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one economically.
A. The cost of alcohol abuse is high and getting higher.
1. The costs of DUIs can be enormous.
2. Alcohol costs are always rising because of rising production costs as well as
state and local taxes.
B. The cost of drug abuse can be high.
1. Even the arrest for the possession of a minute amount of drugs can result in high bail and court cost.
2. The cost of drugs fluctuates drastically according to the type of drug, its availability, and the amount.
II. Alcohol and drug abuse can have severe psychological effects.
A. Alcohol abuse can damage a person psychologically.
1. Alcohol is a depressant and can alter the personality of anyone.
2. The abuse of alcohol can lead to the psychological addiction to alcohol.
B. Drug abuse can be detrimental to one psychologically.
1. Drugs impair one's ability to function normally because of the hallucinations or numbness of "getting
high."
2. Drugs can become a psychological addiction.

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Lesson

Summary is a synopsis or digest of the essence of

Technique 1: Somebody Wanted But So Then

 Little Red Riding Hood wanted to take cookies to her sick

The 5 W's, 1 H strategy relies on six crucial questions: who,

First, Goldilocks entered the bears' home while they were

 Summarizing is useful in many types of writing

 Summarizing is used to support an argument,

 One legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate

 A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses

1. Repeatedly read the passage to be paraphrased until you have

Activity 4.- A Memory to Remember

It is a tool we use in the writing process to help

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