Study On Deep Beams

MGM’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,NANDED
DR.BABSAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY,LONERE
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP BEAMS

INTRODUCTION
 Deep beams are structural elements loaded as simple beams in which a significant
amount of the load carried to the supports by a compression force combining the load
and the reaction.
 As a result, the strain distribution is no longer considered linear, and the shear
deformations become significant when compared to pure flexure.
 Floor slabs under horizontal load , short span beams carrying heavy loads, and transfer
girders are examples of deep beams.
 Deep beams is a beam having large depth/thickness ratio and shear span depth ratio
less than 2.5 for concentrated load and less than 5.0 for distributed load .
 Because the geometry of deep beams, their behavior is different with slender beam or
intermediate beam.
RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
 Deep beams are mostly used for the load bearing structures.
 The deep beam width does not take an active part in load bearing criteria and are
mostly used in the industrial factories and main buildings.
 This paper is used for the length based research for the deep beams of successive
lengths, the load bearing and crack patterns that are obtained in the deep beams are
found and concluded for their results.
MATERIALS USED FOR SPECIMEN
1. Cement : OPC53 grade is used for the construction of deep beams.
2. Fine Aggregate : It consists of natural sand or crushed stone with most particles
passing through 0.375inch sieve. Table I shows the details of fine aggregate used in the
preparation of deep beams.
3. Coarse Aggregates : Aggregates are the most mined material in the
world. aggregates are a component of composite materials such as
concrete and asphalt concrete, the aggregate serves as reinforcement to
add strength to overall composite material. Coarse aggregate are
parti cles greater than 0.19 inch but ranges between 0.375 and 1.5 inch in
diameter. table ii shows the details of coarse aggregate used for the
constructi on /casti ng of deep beams.
4. Water : The water is collected from the nearby tap. The pH value for the water is as
good as it is used for the construction of concrete.
5. Reinforcement of Fe 500 : The reinforcement provided for the deep beams are of
Fe 500 with 12mm, 10mm, 8mm steel bars.
diameter Yield Ultimate

S.no of the bar stress stress %
(mm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) Elongation
1 8 560.2 638.5 22.05
2 10 570.05 635.51 22
3 12 568.41 649.05 21.67
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
A. Specimen details
A sum of 3 rectangular beams of size 200 mm wide, 600 mm deep were cast. Grade of
concrete is M30. Three beams were tested over a simply supported spans of 1
m,1.1m,1.2m in three point loading. The materials used in concrete were tested
before they cast to find out its properties. An ordinary Portland cement grade 53 has a
specific gravity of cement 3.12. Specific gravity fine aggregate 2.57 and specific gravity
of coarse aggregate was 2.6. Table IV gives the mix design details for the mixture. The
slump used for the mixture is of 64 mm.
Table IV:Mix design
Fine Coarse
Grade of Cement w/c
aggregate aggregate
concrete (Kg/m3) 3 3 ratio
(Kg/m ) (Kg/m )
M30 437.7 665.52 1127.58 0.45
B. Design of Deep Beam Specimens : Three deep beams were casted with same
reinforcement but with different lengths of 1200mm, 1100mm, 1000mm and depth
600mm and width 200mm. Clear cover provided was 25mm. According to IS 456-
2000,calculated load was 408kN, 427kN, 459kN and specimens were tested at a single
point load and two supports of simply supported on loading frame.
Table V:Specimen details

Days of Compressive
Specimen
curing strength (N/mm2)
7 days 29.2
Cubes
28 days 40.8
7days 870
Cylinders
28 days 920
TESTS ON DEEP BEAMS
Fig. 3: Loading Frame with Deep Beam Fig. 4: Casing of steel reinforcement
Sectional Diagram of Deep Beam Sectional Diagram of Deep Beam

D. Cracks Produced in Deep Beam :
The beam after loading a small crack observed at the load of 330.1kN which is called
first crack or flexural crack, crack formed below middle to near to the load cell shown.
The pattern of flexural cracks and After the application othe complete bearing load
the shear cracks begins to for near the supports below the neutral When beam was
developing shear cracks it was observed that load that shows in device is 562kN. Fig. 7
and Fig. 8 shows the shear cracks are formed at an angle of 45 degrees and the shear
cracks pattern for 1200mm and 1100mm deep beams respectively.
Fig. 8: Shear crack pattern Fig. 9: Shear crack pattern

Fig. 7: Shear crack Pattern
Deflection (mm)
Fig. 10: Load versus deflection graph for 1200mm length
Deflection (mm) Fig. 11: Load versus deflection

graph for 1000mm length
specimen Analytical Experimental Ultimate
load (kN) First crack (kN) load (kN)
Db- 1000 290 640.3 837
Db-1100 260 490.7 688
Db-1200 210 330.2 565.9
Table: VII shows the experimental results and analytical Deep beam specimens
results and compared for their strengths. analytical (kN) experimental (kN)
Fig. 12: Experimental results of first crack results

CONCLUSION
1. The Load obtained for the deep beam of length 1000mm is 837kN and is more
when compared to other deep beams and concluded that the load obtained by the
deep beams experimentally is more compared to the load calculated by using code.
2. The deflection obtained for the 1000mm length beams is also satisfactory when
compared to other beams.
3. The crack obtained in this deep beam is less when compared to other beam and
the width of crack is about 6.78mm and the first crack obtained at 640.3kN load.
4. As per the experimental work the load obtained is very high compared to analytical
work, which was calculated as per Is code.
REFERENCES
1. Niranjan, B.R. and Patil, S.S., 2012. “Analysis of RC Deep Beam by Finite Element
Method” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) VoL2(6),
pp.4664- 4667.
2. Kumar, K.K., Ramadass, S., Philip, V., Kumar, K.K., Ramadass, S. and Philip, V., “A
Study on Concrete Deep Beams Using Nonlinear Analysis”. International Journal, Vol-
2, pp.57-64.
3. Sabale, V.D., Borgave, M.D. and Joshi, P.K., 2014. “Nonlinear finite element analysis
of deep beam”. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol-5,
p.3.
4. Suresh, D.G. and Kulkarni, S., 2016. “Experimental study on behaviour of RC deep
beams”. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol-
6(2).pp.4
5. 5. Campione, G., 2011. “Flexural behavior of steel fibrous reinforced concrete deep
beam”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol- 138(2), pp.235-246.
6. Niwa, J., 1995. “Nonlinear finite element analysis of deep beams”. 10th annual lecture
on" FEM Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures".
7. Ismail, K.S., 2016. “Shear behaviour of reinforced concrete deep beams” (Doctoral
dissertation, University of Sheffield).
8. Zhang, N., Tan, K.H. and Leong, C.L., 2009. “Single-span deep beams subjected to
unsymmetrical loads”. Journal of structural engineering, Vol-135(3), pp.239-252.
9. Patel, R., Dubey, S.K. and Pathak, K.K., 2014. “Effect of depth span ratio on the
behaviour of beams”. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering (IJASE),
Vol-6(2), p.3.
10. Al-Saidy, A.H., Klaiber, F.W. and Wipf, T.J., 2004. “Repair of steel composite beams with
carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plates”. Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol-
8(2), pp.163-172.
11. Liu, J. and Mihaylov, B.I., 2016. “A comparative study of models for shear strength of
reinforced concrete deep beams”. Engineering Structures, Vol-112, pp.81-89.
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MGM’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,NANDED

DR.BABSAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP BEAMS

diameter Yield Ultimate

Table IV:Mix design

Table V:Specimen details

Sectional Diagram of Deep Beam Sectional Diagram of Deep Beam

Fig. 8: Shear crack pattern Fig. 9: Shear crack pattern

Deflection (mm) Fig. 11: Load versus deflection

Fig. 12: Experimental results of first crack results

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