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    Agitator

    Uploaded by

    Amit Hanat
    The document discusses various types of agitators used for blending, dispersion, and other processes involving liquids. It describes seven basic types of mechanical agitators: paddles, turbines, propellers, helical screws, cones, radial propellers, and high speed discs. The standard configuration for an agitator system is provided, along with details about paddle, turbine, propeller, helical screw, radial propeller, and high speed disc agitators. Vortex formation is also discussed and methods to prevent it.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Agitator

    Uploaded by

    Amit Hanat
    108 views15 pages
    The document discusses various types of agitators used for blending, dispersion, and other processes involving liquids. It describes seven basic types of mechanical agitators: paddles, turbines, propellers, helical screws, cones, radial propellers, and high speed discs. The standard configuration for an agitator system is provided, along with details about paddle, turbine, propeller, helical screw, radial propeller, and high speed disc agitators. Vortex formation is also discussed and methods to prevent it.

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    The document discusses various types of agitators used for blending, dispersion, and other processes involving liquids. It describes seven basic types of mechanical agitators: paddles, turbines, propellers, helical screws, cones, radial propellers, and high speed discs. The standard configuration for an agitator system is provided, along with details about paddle, turbine, propeller, helical screw, radial propeller, and high speed disc agitators. Vortex formation is also discussed and methods to prevent it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    108 views15 pages

    Agitator

    Uploaded by

    Amit Hanat
    The document discusses various types of agitators used for blending, dispersion, and other processes involving liquids. It describes seven basic types of mechanical agitators: paddles, turbines, propellers, helical screws, cones, radial propellers, and high speed discs. The standard configuration for an agitator system is provided, along with details about paddle, turbine, propeller, helical screw, radial propeller, and high speed disc agitators. Vortex formation is also discussed and methods to prevent it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Agitator

    • Blending, dispersion, dissolution, gas absorption,


    crystallization etc need agitation of the liquids.
    • The factors to be consider are:
    1. Type of agitator
    2. Circulation pattern
    3. Location of agitator in the basic equipment
    4. Shape and size of the tank
    5. Diameter and width of agitator
    6. Method of baffling
    7. Power required for agitation
    8. Shaft overhang
    9. Type of stuffing box or seal, bearings, drive system etc.
    Types of agitator
    • Mechanical agitator can be divided into seven basic
    groups:
    1. Paddles
    2. Turbines
    3. Propellers
    4. Helical screw
    5. Cones
    6. Radial propellers
    7. High speed discs
    Standard configuration:

    1. The agitator is 4 blade flat turbine


    type.
    2. Impeller diameter is 1/3rd of the
    tank.
    3. Impeller height from tank bottom is
    equal to its diameter
    4. Impeller blade width = 1/5th
    impeller diameter
    5. Impeller blade length =1/4th
    impeller length
    6. Liquid height = tank diameter
    7. Baffle= 4. vertically mounted on
    wall
    8. Baffle width (7)= 1/10th of tank
    diameter
    Paddle agitator
    • The blades of agitator normally extended close to tank wall.
    • They simply pushers and cause the mass rotate in laminar
    swirling motion with practically no radial flow along the paddle
    blades or any axial flow.
    • The circulation is poor and the mixing action is insufficient.
    • The speed of rotation is very slow (80 to 150 meter per minute)
    • Highly viscous liquids and pastes are agitated by multiple blade
    paddles.
    • The width of blades is 1/4th to 1/10th of the paddle diameter.
    • The most common paddle diameter is 0.8 times the tank
    diameter.
    a) Anchor
    b) Gate
    c) Gate with pitch cross arms
    d) Anchor with pitched cross arms
    e) Combined anchor and gate
    Turbine agitator
    • These have variety of shapes such as radial, pitched and back shaped.
    • They are capable of creating a vigorous mixing action , due to
    centrifugal and rotational motion, generated by them.
    • The radial bladed turbine gives a higher discharge velocity, but
    requires maximum energy.
    • The blade angle of a curved blade turbine agitator may vary between
    30° & 60°.
    • The number of turbine agitators to be used in determined by the
    following equation:
    • No. of agitators= (maximum liquid height * average sp. Gr.)
    tank diameter
    Pitched blade
    Straight flat blade

    Straight blades attached to disc

    Curved back sloped


    Propeller agitator
    • A propeller agitator is shaped with a
    tapering blade to minimise the effect of
    centrifugal force and produce a maximum
    axial flow.
    • It is simple and portable.
    • The diameter of this agitator is usually
    between 15 and 30% of the tank diameter.
    • Peripheral speed is generally between 300
    and 500 meters per minute.
    • Can be directly coupled to a standard
    electric motor.
    • Most economic
    Helical screw agitator
    • It is in the shape of a screw.
    • It is an effective device for
    mixing high viscosity liquids.
    • The screw drives the liquid from
    the vessel bottom to the top
    surface of the liquid.
    • Alternatively, screw may be
    operated in the reverse direction
    to drive the liquid to the bottom
    of the vessel.
    Radial propeller agitator
    • It has blades fixed at the
    end of a rotating arm.
    • The blades are pitched to
    the direction of rotation.
    • By varying the height ,
    width and particularly the
    angle of pitch, turbulence
    or shear can be
    controlled.
    High speed disc agitator
    • This has disc with
    corrugations.
    • The speed of the agitator
    provides sufficient centrifugal
    force through surface friction
    to generate a flow.
    • It produces high shear and
    help disintegration of low
    density fibrous solids.
    Vortex
    • Vortex is a region in which fluid rotates around
    an axis line.
    • When fluid starts to form a cavity like
    structure, which tends to fluid to centre of
    vessel is known as vortex.
    • Vortex is major component of turbulent flow.
    • Generally vortex formation takes place at very
    height speed of agitator.
    How to prevent?
    • By providing baffles
    • By off centring agitator
    • By providing side agitator
    • By less submerging agitator

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