Seminar On Islanding: Pawan

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SEMINAR ON ISLANDING

BY
PAWAN
What is islanding?

Normally all Power generators are interconnected to form a


network called ‘GRID’.
Some times it so happens for a generator to come out of grid,
either due to disturbance in grid or due to some other internal reasons.
When generator gets disconnected from the grid it is ‘ISLANDED’.

The advantages of Islanding in our network:

Unit tripping can be avoided


Tripping of major critical loads in steel plant & JPOCL can be avoided
Generation loss can be avoided
Oil consumption can be reduced or avoided
If other unit got tripped, it can be restored fast
Islanded unit can be connected back to grid much faster, once grid
disturbance is cleared.`
How islanding happens?

In our network detection of islanding at 220KV will be done under the


following conditions:
o Sensing of open condition of Bus Coupler
o Sensing under voltage in Bus-2 (islanding bus). Settings are at 75% with
1.5 sec time delay & 73% instantaneous
o Under frequency setting is at 47.6 Hz with 2 sec time delay & 47.5 Hz
instantaneous
o Over frequency setting at 51Hz with dF/dt of 0.5 Hz/sec
o Sensing of no power flow <2% in both lines with dF/dt 2 Hz/sec
o Sensing of Line-1 , Line-2 and either of ICT-1 220KV or 400KV breakers
Scenario generation & loads before Islanding:

 GT-1, CPP-2, ST-1, ST-2, T-1, T-2,T-3,T-4, T-7, T-8 & T-9 will be
connected to BUS-2 (Islanding Bus)
 GT-2, T-5, T-6, T-10, L-1, L-2, ICT-1, ST-3 & ST-4 are connected to BUS-
1 (non-islanding bus)
 CPP-1 will be selected either in mode-1 or mode-2 depending upon
their gas availability. Mode-1 will trip CPP-1 in case of islanding and
Mode-2 will bring it to house load.
 CPP-2 has been chosen to put in parallel islanding along with one of
our unit. Depending upon the CPP-2 generation and BF-3 status,
following modes has been incorporated
 In case of islanding & bus coupler open, a hard wired logic provided
to trip both the 220KV lines.
 Non-islanding unit tripping on under frequency is provided at
0.5Hz/sec with arming at 51HZ. (Frequency reference for this
protection is provided with BUS-1 PT supply).
Generation JSWEL CPP-1 CPP-2 Net Gen Loads
Mode-1 CPP-2 Unit Under Shutdown 120 0 0 120 0
Mode-2 CPP-2 Unit Under Shutdown 120 0 0 120 0
Mode-3 Boiler 9 at CPP-2 Down 120 0 50 170 50
BF-3 Down 120 0 60 180 49
Mode-4
Normal generation at CPP-2 120 0 107 227 88
Islanding Loads of 4 MT (Loads in MW)
Shutdown
Normal MODE-1 MODE-2 Remarks
Yes/No

As per present MODE-1


Pellet plant 32 0 32 islanding NO
Sinter plant 8 0 8 Waste Gas fan off NO
Cx1 9.5 0 9.5 De-dusting off NO
Cx2 9.5 0 9.5 NO
BF1 6 0 6 NO
BF2 6 0 6 NO
BOFCCP 17 0 17 De-dusting off NO
HSM 20 0 10 Aux TR-2 Feeder Trip NO
CRM (8 MW) - 0 - NO
RMHS (5 MW) - 0 - NO
BOC-1 (18 MW) - 0 - NO
JPOCL Tr-3 37 0 37 NO
JPOCL Tr-4 37 0 37 One BLAC off NO
Ancilaries (10 MW) - 0 - NO
Cement 2 0 2 NO
Township/JSH 2 0 1 NO
Co-3 12 0 5 NO
198 0 180
239
Islanding loads of 7MT (Loads in MW)
Mode-1 Mode-3 Mode-4

CPP-2 <90(50
CPP-2 CPP-2 <90(50 MW) BF- CPP-2> 90
MW) Blr-9
Shutdown 3 S/D MW
S/D

BF-3 50 0 50 11 50
SINTER-2 12 0 0 0 0
SMS-2 20 0 0 20 20
BAR MILL 13 0 0 0 0
WRM 11 0 0 0 0
BOC-2 35 0 0 18 18
141 0 50 49 88
Consequences Islanding:
1. Bus coupler will go for trip.
2. Post islanding, 130MW unit will go to speed mode & CPP-2 will remain
in load mode.
3. In islanded network, at any point of time if CPP-2 has to supply steam
to steel plant, additional load throw-off has to be initiated at MSDS. If
MSDS is not initiating, then either TR-3 or TR-4 loads can be cut-off
JSWEL end in concurrence with MSDS.

Islanding detected signal will enable islanding unit EHTC:

 To change over from LOAD to SPEED control


 A speed reference set point will be generated from EHTC based on
below formula
NR = NRTD = One hour average actual speed +
((Actual load / 150 )*0.04)3600 + 18 rpm
NRTD value is limited to 3088.90 rpm on upper side and 289.20
rpm on lower side. NRTD will be fast tracking NR in speed control
mode.
 Islanding detected signal will annunciated in control room, MSDS
control room & JPOCL.
Operator Actions Post Islanding:
 Immediately after islanding, ensure fuel input is marginally more to
boiler than required for islanding load.
 Depending upon the islanding load & Throttle pressure, HP Bypass
should be kept open close to 15%. Match the HP Bypass fixed
pressure set point to actual pressure & put HP Bypass in manual.
Reduce the HP Bypass SP slowly as per requirement, to keep open the
HP Bypass.
 If unit is running on full coal, as a measure of precaution oil support
should be taken.
 Download Speed Ref SP in Speed ref D/L block with that of NRTD
 Further regulation in speed can be effected through the increase
/decrease arrow in speed ref D/L station. It is to be noted that during
the increase in frequency load will increase and accordingly fuel has
to be increased.
ISLANDING CHECK LIST:

 Islanded unit is running in speed mode


 Bus coupler, L-1 & L-2 breakers are in open condition
 Drum level in normal limits, if required take S/B BFP in service
 Observe for actual speed, if it dropping trend continuously, inform
to cut out portion of complex load
 For any drop in network frequency, EHTC will try to maintain the
frequency SP by injecting more steam flow through CV. At that
point of time fuel should be sufficient in the boiler to cater for
demand. Hence fuel input, frequency & pressure should be
continuously monitored by operator
 Islanding bus frequency fluctuation should be less 0.5 Hz / min
 Generator PF and MVAR are normal
 All equipments are in service / healthy
CASE-1: When Bus-2 is live and Bus-1 is live through ICT
 If islanding is successful and bus-2 is live then reset islanding
relays at islanding panel.
 With resetting of Islanding panel the trips for Bus-Coupler, Line-1 &
Line-2 shall be off. Reset all master trip relays.
 Synchronize bus-coupler with Bus-1 (Live Line Live Bus)
 Talk with lingapur and get the lines back-charged.
 After getting clearance from Lingapur & LDC charge lines one at a
time. (Live Line Live Bus)
CASE-2: When Bus-2 is live and Bus-1 dead (When ICT is out)
 If islanding is successful and bus-2 is live then reset islanding
relays at islanding panel.
 With resetting of Islanding panel the trips for Bus-Coupler, Line-1 &
Line-2 shall be off. Reset all master trip relays.
 Switch off all breakers on Bus-1.
 Physically check bus-1 and check for bus-bar differential or LBB
operation.
 Talk with lingapur and get the lines back-charged.
 After getting clearance from Lingapur & LDC charge lines one at a
time. (Live Line Dead Bus).
 Switch ON ST-3 & ST-4 after ensuring their LT incomers are OFF.
 Synchronize Bus Coupler with Bus-1 (Live Line Live Bus)
CASE-3: When Bus-2 is live and Bus-1 dead (When ICT was charged initially)
 If islanding is successful and bus-2 is live then reset islanding relays at
islanding panel.
 With resetting of Islanding panel the trips for Bus-Coupler, Line-1 & Line-2
shall be off. Reset all master trip relays.
 Switch off all breakers on Bus-1.
 Physically check bus-1 and check for bus-bar differential or LBB operation.
 Charge ICT
 Charge ST-3 & 4 after ensuring their LT incomers OFF.
 Synchronize Bus-2 with Bus-1 thorough bus coupler.
 Get back feed from lingapur and get clearance from them to synchronize
lines.
CASE-4: When Bus-2 is dead and Bus-1 live (When ICT was charged)
 If islanding is un-successful and bus-2 is dead. Bus-1 is still alive with ICT.
 Ensure 220KV Line breakers have tripped post islanding.
 Changeover PT supply of Islanding panel to Bus-1. Reset all islanding
relays. Trip all breakers on Bus-2. synchronize B/C with Bus-2 ( Live line
dead bus)
 Contact lingapur to get back feed and charge one line on Bus-1 ( Live line
live Bus).
CASE-5: When Bus-2 is dead and Bus-1 live (When ICT was charged) and
220KV Lines not available
 If islanding is un-successful and bus-2 is dead. Bus-1 is still alive with ICT.
 Ensure 220KV Line breakers have tripped post islanding. If 220KV Lines are
not available open their closed isolators.
 Changeover PT supply of islanding panel to Bus-1. Reset all islanding relays.
Ensure as per Annexure-I
 Trip all breakers on Bus-2.
 Synchronize Bus Coupler with Bus-1 (Live Line dead Bus).
CASE-6: When Bus-2 is dead and Bus-1 dead (When ICT was out)
 If islanding is un-successful and bus-2 is dead. Bus-1 will also go dead.
 Ensure 220KV Line breakers have tripped post islanding.
 Switch-off MCB’s provided in Line-1, Line-2 & B/C islanding trip circuit.
 Trip all breakers on Bus-1 & Bus-2.
 Take clearance from Lingapur and get backfeed for one of the lines and
charge one line on Bus-1. ( Live line dead bus)
 Changeover PT supply of Islanding panel to Bus-1. Reset all islanding relays.
Ensure as per Annexure-I
 Contact lingapur to get backfeed and charge other line on Bus-1 ( Live line
Live Bus).
 Synchronize Bus Coupler with Bus-1 (Live Line dead Bus).
Normalization:
 Ensure the grid conditions are stable & clearance obtained for
synchronizing the bus coupler
 Reset islanding master trip relay (in islanding panel at MSDS) &
ensure islanding detected alarm gets reset in ECP in CR. Islanding
cut out should not be done without resetting the relay at MSDS.
 Match the speed reference D/L set point with that of NRTD &
after matching synchronize the machine by closing the Bus
Coupler.
 Check the actual load of machine after synchronization.
 If the load is less than 45 MW, Increase the Load with Speed Ref
D/L Block, Load the machine more than 50 MW.
 Set the load reference using Load reference D/L block such that
the sum of load reference matches the Actual load.
 Reset ISOLATED GRID at EHTC 2 graphic (now it will not reset
until Master trip relay is reset, hard wiring done in both units).
 Change over Turbine Control from SPEED to LOAD AT EHTC 2
graphic (now change over will not happen until ISOLATED GRID
is reset).
 Keep HP Bypass in AUTO & load the machine to full
 Cut-in Islanding as per requirement
Learning from previous islanding incidents:

 On 22/04/08 Islanded unit (U#2) tripped due tripping of feeder on


phase failure. Later over load relay settings of feeders are reviewed.
As preventive action sufficient oil support should be taken
irrespective of available fuel.
 On 01/07/08 Unit#1 got islanded while cutting in islanding, as Bus
coupler open feedback is persisting. As precautionary measure, one
additional alarm K35 relay operated hooked up in DCS to
annunciate the operator. If K35 relay acted alarm is persisting,
islanding should not be taken in service.
THANK YOU ALL

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