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    Polycarbonate (PC) : Dr. Pradeepa.K.G Assistant Professor Dept. of Polymer Science & Technology

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    Apoorva MN

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    Polycarbonate (PC) : Dr. Pradeepa.K.G Assistant Professor Dept. of Polymer Science & Technology

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    Apoorva MN
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    7 PC

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    Polycarbonate (PC) : Dr. Pradeepa.K.G Assistant Professor Dept. of Polymer Science & Technology

    Uploaded by

    Apoorva MN

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Polycarbonate (PC)

    Dr. Pradeepa.K.G
    Assistant Professor
    Dept. of Polymer science & Technology
    INTRODUCTION
    • Polycarbonate (PC), was first developed in 1953 by
    Bayer in Germany, and General Electric in the US
    independently. Its most popular trade name is LEXAN®
    • PC is one of the high performance heterochain
    polymeric materials that comprise the family of
    “engineering thermoplastics”
    • PC is a good material choice in industry not only due
    to its characteristics, but also because its processing is
    environmentally friendly, and it can be recycled
    STRUCTURE OF PC
    STRUCTURE OF PC
    • A polycarbonate molecule is composed by a Bisphenol
    A part and a carbonate group.
    • Bisphenol A contains two aromatic rings, which are
    responsible for PC’s stiff backbone.
    • The Bisphenol A group also contributes to PC’s inability
    to crystallize. This amorphous structure gives the
    polymer its particular transparency.
    • The Characteristic high glass transition temperature
    (Tg = 145ºC) of PC is caused by the minimal molecular
    rotation about the bonds.
    SYNTHESIS
    • PC is most often synthesized from Bisphenol A
    and phosgene by a step-growth
    polymerization in which Cl- ions are
    eliminated every time the monomers react.
    This kind of step-growth polymerization is
    often called a condensation process
    Polymerization Steps
    1.The Bisphenol A groups are reacted with proton acceptors such as NaOH to obtain the polymerization functional groups
    2. The deprotonated Bispohenol A reacts with Phosgene and a catalyst at temperatures between 25 and 35ºC. This way, a Polycarbonate monomer is formed, and the catalyst (often times Pyridine), is
    eliminated along with the chloride anion
    3. In order to react more Bisphenol A and phosgene
    into the chain, chloride anions are always eliminated
    • In another approach, Diphenyl Carbonate (R-O-CO-O-
    R) and Bisphenol A, can be reacted at temperatures
    between 180-220ºC to yield PC and a phenol
    molecule. This process results in more impurity, and
    is more expensive because higher temperatures are
    necessary.
    MANUFACTURING
    • Polycarbonate is transformed from pellets into the
    desired shape for its intended application by melting
    the polycarbonate and forcing it under pressure into
    a mold or die to give it the desired shape depending
    on the application. This process is repeated
    thousands of times
    • Extrusion - The molten PC is passed through a die
    that gives the material its final shape. After this, the
    melt is cooled rapidly. Long pipes and sheets are
    created by this process
    • Molding - The PC melt is pressed into a mold
    with the defined shape of the final product.
    The melt is then cooled inside the mold. This
    process is ideal for specific parts such as
    automotive and computer parts
    Characteristics of PC
    • High mechanical stability
    • Good thermal stability
    • Excellent impact toughness
    • Good weathering stability
    • High light transparency
    • High dimensional stability
    • Low moisture absorbtion
    • Good dielectric properties
    • Self-extinguishing
    • Good resistance to high energy radiation
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PC
    • It maintains good mechanical properties between
    -40°F and 280°F
    • High strength that makes it resistant to impact and
    fracture
    • It can be easily colored, it’s non-toxic, and can be
    absolutely transparent up to 2 In. in width
    • PC also features high electrical and heat resistance
    • It is biologically inert
    • Readily recyclable and cost effective
    Chemical Properties
    Resistance to dilute mineral acid but poor resistance
    to aromatic, alkali, chlorinated hydrocarbons.
    • Dilute Acid (good)
    • Alcohols (good)
    • Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (good)
    • Oils and Greases (moderate)
    • Dilute Alkalis (poor)
    • Aromatic Hydrocarbons (poor)
    • Halogenated Hydrocarbons (poor)
    Chemical Properties
    • PC absorbs only small quantities of water
    ( 60°C) causes a decomposition resulting in a
    drop in shock resistance.
    • PC is fairly stable in the presence of ozone.
    Stability in UV light is not exceptional and PCs
    turn yellow fairly quickly.
    • Certain grades are approved for medical use.
    Thermal properties
    • PC has good heat and cold stability.
    • Above the glass transition point of +140ºC
    however, PC starts to soften rapidly.
    • PC is practically self-extinguishable i.e.,
    resistant to fire.
    Dimensional properties
    • Polycarbonate, as other amorphous polymer ,
    offer limited retraction when molded(>0.6%)
    • Its low absorption of humidity gives it good
    dimensional stability in a humid atmosphere.
    • PC has good creep resistance, especially when
    reinforced with fiber glass.
    Electrical properties
    • Polycarbonate has good insulating properties
    little affected by variations in temperature or
    humidity.
    • Dielectric constant is higher than PTFE and
    polyolefin
    APPLICATIONS OF PC
    • PC’s outstanding strength makes it suitable for bullet-
    resistant or shatter-resistant glass applications
    • PC’s relatively low weight in comparison to other
    high strength materials and its high ductility make it
    attractive to be used in lenses and windows
    • It has also been used as a flame retardant and an
    electrical insulator
    • Small filters for the extrusion of small particles
    • CD’s, DVD’s. Automotive, cell phone, and laptop
    parts
    • Electrical and Electronics components:- due to
    good insulating and high dielectric strength pc is
    used for making of Protective case for mobile
    phones
    Construction materials
    • PC’s outstanding strength makes it suitable for
    bullet-resistant or shatter-resistant glass
    application
    PC BLENDS
    PC can be blended to enhance its properties:
    • PC/ABS blends exhibit high ductility and impact
    strength at temperatures below those of pure
    PC
    • PC tends to scratch easily, Silicone-
    polycarbonate copolymers can yield a hard
    thermoplastic that doesn’t get scratched. Many
    more properties can be achieved depending on
    the composition

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