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    Group 3 - Talking About Possibility in The Past

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    Bayu Satrio Pamungkas
    1. The document is a lesson about using modal verbs like must, may, might, could, can't and couldn't to talk about the past. 2. It provides examples of using these modal verbs in affirmative and negative sentences to indicate varying levels of certainty about whether something happened or didn't happen in the past. 3. The lesson emphasizes that must and couldn't imply more certainty, while may, might and could imply less certainty, around 50% or less.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Group 3 - Talking About Possibility in The Past

    Uploaded by

    Bayu Satrio Pamungkas
    156 views9 pages
    1. The document is a lesson about using modal verbs like must, may, might, could, can't and couldn't to talk about the past. 2. It provides examples of using these modal verbs in affirmative and negative sentences to indicate varying levels of certainty about whether something happened or didn't happen in the past. 3. The lesson emphasizes that must and couldn't imply more certainty, while may, might and could imply less certainty, around 50% or less.

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    Original Title

    GROUP 3_TALKING ABOUT POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST

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    1. The document is a lesson about using modal verbs like must, may, might, could, can't and couldn't to talk about the past. 2. It provides examples of using these modal verbs in affirmative and negative sentences to indicate varying levels of certainty about whether something happened or didn't happen in the past. 3. The lesson emphasizes that must and couldn't imply more certainty, while may, might and could imply less certainty, around 50% or less.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    156 views9 pages

    Group 3 - Talking About Possibility in The Past

    Uploaded by

    Bayu Satrio Pamungkas
    1. The document is a lesson about using modal verbs like must, may, might, could, can't and couldn't to talk about the past. 2. It provides examples of using these modal verbs in affirmative and negative sentences to indicate varying levels of certainty about whether something happened or didn't happen in the past. 3. The lesson emphasizes that must and couldn't imply more certainty, while may, might and could imply less certainty, around 50% or less.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG

    GROUP 3

    NAME GROUP :
    1. BAYU SATRIO PAMUNGKAS (201010503084)
    2. BETHA NURLAILI KHOIRUN NISAA
    (201010503004)
    3. DEVI LESTARI (201010503047)

    CLASS : 03SMJP022
    LECTURER : DIANA AZWINA S.Sos.,M.Si
    LESSON : BUSINESS ENGLISH
    THE PAST
    Must, may, might, could, can’t, and couldn’t are used with a present perfect
    verb form to show how certain a speaker is that a past situation happened or
    didn’t happen.

    A. Affirmative
    Formula : MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (to show how
    certain the speaker is that something happened)

    Must have + past participle show a great deal of certainty that something
    happened, but there is still some doubt in the speaker’s mind. He/she is not 100%
    certain.
    For example :
    1. The student did well on the test. They must have studied hard.
    Explanation :
    There are other possible reasons why the students did well on the test. It might
    have been very easy, or they might have already learned the material. The speaker uses
    must have studied hard to show that he/she thinks is the most logical reason they did
    so well.

    2. I've phone Jim several times, but he doesn't answer. He must have gone out.
    Explanation :
    The speaker believes this is the most logical reason why Jim doesn't answer the
    phone. However, other reasons are possible. He might not have heard the phone, or he
    might not have wanted to talk to anyone.
    May, might, and could convey the ideas that a speaker is only 50% or less certain that
    something happened. The us of could implies a little more certainty.

    For example : My wife doesn’t answer the phone. She may (might, could) have gone
    shopping.

    Explanation :
    The speaker doesn’t know for sure that his wife went shopping. However, it’s his best
    guess.
    B. Negative
    Formula : MODAL + NOT + BASE VERB + PAST
    PARTICIPLE (to show how certain the speaker is that
    something didn’t happen.)
    Can’t or couldn’t have + past participle shows that the
    speaker is very certain something didn’t happen.
    For example : Robbin looks tired today. She can’t have slept
    well last night.

    Explanation :
    This is the speaker’s best guess as to why Robbin looks
    tired. Of course, other reasons are possible. For instance, she
    might be ill.
    May or might not have + past
    participle shows that the speaker
    is 50% or less certain that
    something didn't happen.

    For example :
    There was a strange light in the sky
    yesterday evening. I don’t know for sure
    what it was, but I may have seen a U.F.O
    (Unidentified Flying Object)
    An appropriate modal + have is used in most
    short answers. However, if the question has a
    be verb, the formula for responding is
    appropriate modal + have been.

    For example :
    Person A : Has Jennifer decided which courses
    she’s going to take next semester?
    Person B : I’m not sure. She might have.
    Person C : Do you think Tim enjoyed the
    concert?
    Person D : I don’t know. He may have.

    When you sure that you understand the


    lesson, let’s continue with the exercises!
    1. Look! Our car isn’t on the driveway!
    Somebody ... Choose the correct modal to complete the sentence.
    A. Might have stolen it. C. Might do something naughty.
    B. Must be stealing it. D. Must have done something naughty.
    C. Could have stolen it. The answer is : D. Must have done something naughty.
    D. Must have stolen it.
    The answer is : D. Must have stolen it. 4. I don’t know why he hasn’t called me back. He ...
    A. Might forget my number.
    2. My plans are dead. I ... B. Might have forgotten my number.
    A. Can’t not have given them enough water. C. Might be forgetting my number.
    B. Must given them more water. D. Must have forgotten my number.
    C. Couldn’t give them enough water. The answer is : B. Might have forgotten my number.
    D. Can’t have given them enough water.
    The answer is : D. Can’t have given them enough 5. My white shirt now has green streaks in it. I ...
    water. A. Can’t wash it properly.
    B. Can’t have washed it properly.
    3. The twins have guility expressions on their C. Must not have not washed it properly.
    faces. They ... D. Must to wash it properly.
    A. Might have done something naughty. The answer is : B. Can’t have washed it properly.
    B. Must do something naughty.
    THANK YOU
    THANK YOU
    THANK YOU

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