Rammed Earth: Y18AP0107 Y18AP0111 Y18AP0112 Y18AP0114 Y18AP0115

RAMMED EARTH
Y18AP0107
Y18AP0111
Y18AP0112
Y18AP0114
Y18AP0115
CONTENTS
01 02 03 04 05
INTRODUCTION PROCESS ADVANTAGES EXAMPLE REFERENCE
AND
DISADVANTAGES
01 INTRODUCTION
Rammed earth is a technique for constructing

foundations, floors, and walls using natural raw
materials such as earth, chalk, lime, or gravel.It is an
ancient method that has been revived recently as a
sustainable building method.
Edifices formed of rammed earth are on every continent

except Antarctica, in a range of environments including
temperate, wet,[2] semiarid desert, montane, and
tropical regions. The availability of suitable soil and a
building design appropriate for local climatic conditions
are the factors that favour its use.
Some random
examples
02 PROCESS
Making rammed earth involves compacting a damp mixture

of subsoil that has suitable proportions of sand, gravel, clay,
and stabilizer, if any, into a formwork (an externally
supported frame or mold).
Historically, additives such as lime or animal blood were used
to stabilize it.
Soil mix is poured into the formwork to a depth of 10 to 25 Framing for compaction
cm (4 to 10 in) and then compacted to approximately 50% of
its original volume. The soil is compacted iteratively, in
batches or courses, so as to gradually erect the wall up to
the top of the formwork. Tamping was historically manual with
a long ramming pole, and was very laborious, but modern
construction can be made less so by employing
pneumatically-powered tampers.
On site framing
After a wall is complete, it is sufficiently strong to immediately remove
the formwork. This is necessary if a surface texture is to be applied,
e.g., by wire brushing, carving, or mold impression, because the walls
become too hard to work after approximately one hour. The
compressive strength of rammed earth increases as it cures. Cement-
stabilised rammed earth is cured for a minimum period of 28 days.
In modern rammed earth buildings, the walls are constructed on top

of conventional footings or a reinforced concrete slab base.
The construction of an entire wall begins with a temporary frame,
denominated the "formwork", which is usually made of wood or
plywood, as a mold for the desired shape and dimensions of each
section of wall. The form must be durable and well braced, and the
two opposing faces must be clamped together to prevent bulging or
deformation caused by the large compressing forces. Formwork
plays an important role in building rammed earth walls. Historically,
wooden planks tied using rope were used to build walls. Modern
builders use plywood and/or steel to build formwork.
FINDINGTHE RIGHT SOIL
Clay/sand ratio has the greatest contributing effect on how well an earth
wall will perform. Traditionally, for raw rammed earth, that ratio has been
established as 30% clay and 70% sand.
When using cement as a stabilizer, clay content can be reduced, in some
cases and with high stabilization rates, clay (and other fines) can be as low
as 8% to 10%, depending on numerous factors (uniformity of gradation,
plasticity, particle shape, and parent rock).
Unlike earlier times, when the building material was nearly always
harvested on or near the construction site, today we have access to a wide
range of importable mineral soils and admixtures. Formulating a blend of
soils capable of achieving optimum structural performance is our objective.
To do this, we begin by looking at the underlying soil on the building site

itself. A review of the boring logs from the geotechnical report will yield
valuable data: gradation, USCS soil type, and in some cases a plasticity
index. We have found that most site soils can be used in some proportion to
create a useable formulation. Using site soil has several advantages:
reduced cost of importing materials, increased LEEDs points, color continuity
with the local geology, reduced off-haul costs, and reduced carbon emissions
from construction
For a small project and for all of the required pre-construction testing, the
search can end at the supply yard. For larger projects where several truck
loads of amendment will be required, you will be able to negotiate a better
price dealing directly with the quarry.
Finally, if site soil is unsuitable and free clean fill is unavailable, or if screening
and processing is impractical, then purchasing and importing all of the wall
building material from a quarry is the logical choice. Cost, travel distance,
color, wall density, required stabilization and geo-regionalism will dictate
which quarry to use.
#Various companies around the world offering precast

rammed earth walls and panels for construction. Some of
them are
Rammed earth wall - dezeen
Sirewalls
Rammed earth works- original builders
Earth structures group
Sandy Terra firma builders
David easton
Rammed earth works
03 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages of rammed earth

houses
1.Thermal Qualities
2.Natural sound proffing
3.virtually fireproof
4.Econimically viable
5.Eco friendly
6.Energy efficient
7.Breathable walls
8.Termite resistnat
Disadvantages
9.Earthquake resistant of rammed earth houses
Not a good insulator
Overhanging roof is required
04 EXAMPLE
BAYALAPATA HOSPITAL
Bayalpata Hospital is a medical complex in Achham, Nepal,
built from rammed earth by American architecture office Sharon
Davis Design.
Serving one of Nepal's poorest and most remote regions,
Bayalpata Hospital replaced an old clinic that was too small for
the number of patients needing treatment.
Five medical buildings and an administrative block form the
campus on a hilltop in the Seti River Valley. The gabled forms
surround shady courtyards for patients to sit in while waiting to
receive healthcare.
The development also includes 10 houses and an eight-bed
dormitory for hospital staff to live in.
New York-based Sharon Davis Design worked with non-
governmental organisation Possible Health and the Nepalese
government on the project, which aims to increase access to
affordable healthcare in the area.
In Nepal, 45 per cent of the population lives below the poverty line,
according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The ratio of doctors
to patients in rural areas such as Achham is one to 18,000.
Using rammed earth was a way of making the rural hospital complex,
which is designed to treat 100,000 patients a year, both low cost and
more sustainable.
"We see this project as a model of how rammed earth, and other
vernacular materials, can be utilised to create modern architecture,"
said studio founder Sharon Davis.
"Without local materials, this project may not have been possible
because of its incredibly remote location – a 10-hour drive from the
nearest regional airport and a three-day drive on narrow,
mountainous roads from the nearest manufacturing centres around
Kathmandu."
Reusable plastic formwork was used so the team could build the
hospital campus quickly employing untrained workers from Achham.
Local stone is used for the foundations, retaining walls and paths.
Wood from the indigenous sal tree was used for the exterior doors
and louvres over windows, as well as furniture indoors.
For the walls soil from the site was mixed with a small amount of cement to make the
structure more durable and able to withstand the frequent seismic activity in the area.
Sharon Davis Design also chose rammed earth to help give Bayalpata Hospital's
facilities a warm and non-clinical feel. As many homes in the area are also made from
earthen walls, it gives patients a calmer and more familiar experience.
Within the main buildings tall windows frame views of the terraced hillsides, and
clerestory glazing brings in natural light while retaining privacy.
The courtyards act as informal waiting rooms, and patient rooms all have access to
a garden or balcony.
Bayalpata Hospital includes emergency medical facilities, two operating theatres for
surgery, inpatient and outpatient facilities and antenatal provisions.
It also has a pharmacy, radiology equipment and a laboratory. There is a 60-seat
canteen to serve all of the medical staff who live on site, some with their families.
Solar panels on all of the south-facing roofs of the complex help power the hospital,
while passive heating and cooling means only the surgery rooms need mechanical air
conditioning.
Insulated roofs retain heat gain in winter and stop rooms from overheating in summer,
while breezes can waft through from the courtyards, aided by ceiling fans.
The campus has its own water supply and a network of terraces and bioswales help
stop soil erosion in the monsoon season.
05 REFERENCE LINKS
https://www.instagram.com/p/CCgSvWipST
A/?utm_medium=copy_link
https://youtu.be/TjyGOOtOFiktps
https://youtu.be/HaGFrVGMzb4ipSTA
https://youtu.be/_ywrki5g7fg
https://youtu.be/_8NlCn18uRw
THANK YOU

Rammed Earth: Y18AP0107 Y18AP0111 Y18AP0112 Y18AP0114 Y18AP0115

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rammed Earth: Y18AP0107 Y18AP0111 Y18AP0112 Y18AP0114 Y18AP0115

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rammed Earth: Y18AP0107 Y18AP0111 Y18AP0112 Y18AP0114 Y18AP0115

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the steps involved in making rammed earth?

What are some of the advantages of using rammed earth construction?

RAMMED EARTH

Rammed earth is a technique for constructing

Edifices formed of rammed earth are on every continent

Making rammed earth involves compacting a damp mixture

In modern rammed earth buildings, the walls are constructed on top

To do this, we begin by looking at the underlying soil on the building site

#Various companies around the world offering precast

Advantages of rammed earth

You might also like