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    Business English Advance: Instructor: Harbi Barkad Aden

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    Moktar Tall Man
    This document discusses prewriting strategies for choosing a topic and narrowing the focus for writing assignments. It outlines six prewriting strategies: 1) using experience and observations, 2) freewriting, 3) asking questions, 4) brainstorming, 5) idea mapping, and 6) searching the internet. These strategies such as listing experiences, writing without stopping, asking focused questions, and mapping ideas can help generate topics and make connections to narrow down ideas. The key steps in writing are prewriting, outlining, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting is important for developing ideas before beginning to write.

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    Business English Advance: Instructor: Harbi Barkad Aden

    Uploaded by

    Moktar Tall Man
    36 views21 pages
    This document discusses prewriting strategies for choosing a topic and narrowing the focus for writing assignments. It outlines six prewriting strategies: 1) using experience and observations, 2) freewriting, 3) asking questions, 4) brainstorming, 5) idea mapping, and 6) searching the internet. These strategies such as listing experiences, writing without stopping, asking focused questions, and mapping ideas can help generate topics and make connections to narrow down ideas. The key steps in writing are prewriting, outlining, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting is important for developing ideas before beginning to write.

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    Module 2 BBA

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    This document discusses prewriting strategies for choosing a topic and narrowing the focus for writing assignments. It outlines six prewriting strategies: 1) using experience and observations, 2) freewriting, 3) asking questions, 4) brainstorming, 5) idea mapping, and 6) searching the internet. These strategies such as listing experiences, writing without stopping, asking focused questions, and mapping ideas can help generate topics and make connections to narrow down ideas. The key steps in writing are prewriting, outlining, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting is important for developing ideas before beginning to write.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views21 pages

    Business English Advance: Instructor: Harbi Barkad Aden

    Uploaded by

    Moktar Tall Man
    This document discusses prewriting strategies for choosing a topic and narrowing the focus for writing assignments. It outlines six prewriting strategies: 1) using experience and observations, 2) freewriting, 3) asking questions, 4) brainstorming, 5) idea mapping, and 6) searching the internet. These strategies such as listing experiences, writing without stopping, asking focused questions, and mapping ideas can help generate topics and make connections to narrow down ideas. The key steps in writing are prewriting, outlining, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting is important for developing ideas before beginning to write.

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    of 21

    BUSINESS ENGLISH ADVANCE

    INSTRUCTOR: HARBI BARKAD ADEN

    L/O/G/O
    WELCOME BACK !!!
    MODULE 2: THE WRITING PROCESS: HOW DO I
    BEGIN?
    Apply Prewriting Models

    Learning Objective

    Use prewriting strategies to choose a topic and narrow the


    focus.
    The Steps to go

    Just as you need a recipe, ingredients, and proper tools to cook a delicious
    meal, you also need a plan, resources, and adequate time to create a good
    written composition.

    In other words, writing is a process that requires the following steps


    and using strategies to accomplish your goals.

    Outlining the
    Writing a
    Prewriting structure of
    rough draft
    ideas

    Revising Editing
    Effective writing can be simply described as good ideas
    that are expressed well and arranged in the proper order.

    This chapter will give you the chance to work on all these
    important aspects of writing.

    Using the strategies in this chapter can help you


    overcome the fear of the blank page and confidently begin
    the writing process.
    1. Prewriting

    Many more prewriting strategies exist, but we will only


    study six of them.
    Experience
    and
    Observatio
    ns
    Searching
    on the Freewriting
    Internet
    Strategies

    Asking
    Mapping questions

    Brainstorming
    Using Experience and Observations

    When selecting a topic, you may also want to consider something that
    interests you or something based on your own life and personal experiences.
    Everyday observations can lead to interesting topics.

    Think about an experience, observation or an event which has caught your


    attention. Talk about it, what was about it, and when was it.

    Tip
    Have you seen an attention-grabbing story on your local news
    channel? Many current issues appear on television, in magazines, and on
    the Internet. These can all provide inspiration for your writing.
    2. Freewriting

    What is freewriting?

    Freewriting is an exercise in which you write freely about


    any topic for a set amount of time (usually three to five
    minutes).

    Try not to worry about the grammar, Write as quickly


    spelling or punctuation. as you can.

    If you get stuck,


    Jot down every just copy the Until you come
    relevant idea
    coming into your same word or up with a new
    mind. phrase over and thought.
    over.
    Tip

    Some prewriting strategies can be used together to generate


    more ideas. E.g: experience and observation.

    Exercise
    Look at Mariah’s example. Check her writing. How does it
    sound to you?
    3. Asking Questions

    Pose some questions before you start your writing. Using the 5WH
    will help you much for your future work on your assignments.

    Who?

    Why? What?

    Where
    When? ?
    Cont…

    Asking questions helps you to not ramble and disjoint your thoughts.

    When Mariah reread her work, she came across that her ideas are not well-
    organised.

    She realised that the topic that interested her most was the one she started
    with, the media. She then decided to explore that topic by asking herself
    questions about it.

    These fruitful strategies are needed to write a well-detailed discourse, text,


    letter or an e-mail.
    Narrowing the focus

    Generating
    lots of
    subtopics will
    boost you
    Breaking up eventually. Select the
    the topic into
    ones that fit
    subtopics,
    more specific your
    points. audience.

    Narrowing
    the focus
    4. Brainstorming

    Brainstorming is similar to list making. You can make a list on


    your own or in a group with your classmates.

    Think about a general topic, as a broad category and the list


    items that fit in that category. See the following example from
    Mariah’s brainstorming.
    From this list, Mariah could
    narrow her focus to a particular
    technology under the broad
    category of mass media.
    Oral Exercise

    Imagine you have to write an e-mail to your current boss


    explaining your prior work experience, but you do not know
    where to start. Before you begin the e-mail, you can use the
    brainstorming technique to generate a list of employers,
    duties, and responsibilities that fall under the general topic
    “work experience.”
    5. Idea Mapping

    What is idea mapping?

    Idea mapping allows you to visualize your


    ideas on paper using;

    circles lines

    Or grouped
    and arrows together.
    Cont…

    This technique is also known as clustering because ideas are broken


    down and clustered, or grouped together.

    Using idea mapping, you might discover interesting connections


    between topics that you had not thought of before.

    HOW TO MAKE AN IDEA MAP?

    To create an idea map, start with your general topic in a circle in the
    centre of a blank sheet of paper. Then write specific ideas around it and use
    lines or arrows to connect them together. Add and cluster as many ideas as
    you can think of.
    6. Searching the Internet

    Using search engines on the Internet is a good way to see


    what kinds of websites are available on your topic.

    When you search on the Internet, type some key words from
    your broad topic or words from your narrowed focus into your
    browser’s search engine

    Then look over the results for relevant and interesting articles.
    Cont…

    Results from an Internet search show writers the following information:

    Attention!!!
    Not all the results online search
    engines return will be useful or
    reliable. Give careful What specific points are currently being
    Who
    How theistopic
    talking
    discussed about
    about the topic?
    the topic?
    is being discussed?
    consideration to the reliability of
    an online source before selecting
    a topic based on it.
    Keynotes of the Module

    All writers rely on steps and strategies to begin the writing process.

    The steps in the writing process are prewriting, outlining, writing a rough
    draft, revising, and editing.

    Prewriting is the transfer of ideas from abstract thoughts into words, phrases,
    and sentences on paper.

    A good topic interests the writer, appeals to the audience, and fits the
    purpose of the assignment.

    Writers often choose a general topic first and then narrow the focus to a
    more specific topic.
    END
    THANK YOU !!!

    [email protected]

    L/O/G/O

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