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    Ca 1 - Institutional Corrections

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    Jayson ampatuan
    Institutional corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system charged with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It includes government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with offenders. Institutional corrections has three major components: 1) Institution-based corrections which comprises prisons and jails administered by bureaus of corrections. 2) Non-institution-based corrections like probation, parole, and pardon managed by agencies like the Parole and Probation Administration. 3) Therapeutic community programs that utilize community as the primary vehicle for behavioral and attitudinal change.

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    Ca 1 - Institutional Corrections

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    Jayson ampatuan
    2K views16 pages
    Institutional corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system charged with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It includes government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with offenders. Institutional corrections has three major components: 1) Institution-based corrections which comprises prisons and jails administered by bureaus of corrections. 2) Non-institution-based corrections like probation, parole, and pardon managed by agencies like the Parole and Probation Administration. 3) Therapeutic community programs that utilize community as the primary vehicle for behavioral and attitudinal change.

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    CA-1-Lesson-1

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    Institutional corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system charged with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It includes government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with offenders. Institutional corrections has three major components: 1) Institution-based corrections which comprises prisons and jails administered by bureaus of corrections. 2) Non-institution-based corrections like probation, parole, and pardon managed by agencies like the Parole and Probation Administration. 3) Therapeutic community programs that utilize community as the primary vehicle for behavioral and attitudinal change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2K views16 pages

    Ca 1 - Institutional Corrections

    Uploaded by

    Jayson ampatuan
    Institutional corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system charged with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It includes government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with offenders. Institutional corrections has three major components: 1) Institution-based corrections which comprises prisons and jails administered by bureaus of corrections. 2) Non-institution-based corrections like probation, parole, and pardon managed by agencies like the Parole and Probation Administration. 3) Therapeutic community programs that utilize community as the primary vehicle for behavioral and attitudinal change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are that corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system charged with custody, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It also involves the study of jail or prison management and administration as well as rehabilitation and reformation of criminals.

    The three major components of corrections are institutional corrections, non-institutional corrections, and community-based corrections.

    The primary schools of penology are the classical school, neo-classical school, and positivist/Italian school.

    CA 1 - INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

    Topic No. 1

    Introduction to Institutional Corrections

    Prof. Christian Mark G. Rey


    CORRECTION
    Law
    Enforcement
    Correction is the forth pillar of the Criminal Justice
    System charged with the responsibility for the
    Community Prosecution
    custody, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted
    offenders. It is also defined as the STUDY OF JAIL
    OR PRISON MANAGEMENT AND
    ADMINISTRATION as well as the rehabilitation and
    Correction Court reformation of criminals.
    CORRECTION

    It includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, procedures,


    personnel, and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, custody,
    confinement, supervision, or treatment of alleged offenders.
    Considered to be the weakest of the Five Pillars namely Law Enforcement,
    Prosecution, Court, Corrections and Community because of its inability to reform
    and rehabilitate the convicted criminals.
    CORRECTION

    It is composed of Three Major and equally significant


    Components:
    INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS / INSTITUTION-BASED CORRECTIONS
    Institution-Based Corrections comprise of prisons and jails that are concerned
    with prisoners serving term of imprisonment, those under detention status and
    those for safekeeping in selected cases. The jails and prisons are administered by
    the --
    1. Bureau of Corrections of the DOJ for national penitentiaries.
    2. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology of the DILG for municipal, city and
    district jails.
    3. Local Government Units with regard to provincial and sub-provincial jails .
    4. Philippine National Police maintains detention facilities in its different police
    stations nationwide.
    CORRECTION

    It is composed of Three Major and equally significant


    Components:
    NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS / COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS
    Community-based Corrections pertain to probation, parole, pardon and other forms of
    executive clemencies. These are being managed by the --
    1. Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) of the DOJ. PPA conducts a post-sentence investigation of
    petitioners for probation as referred by the courts, as well as pre-parole/pre-executive clemency investigation for
    those referred by the Board of Pardons and Parole (another DOJ agency), to determine the suitability of the
    offender to be reintegrated in the community instead of serving their sentence inside an institution or prison. PPA
    further supervises probationers, parolees and conditional pardonees to promote their rehabilitation and
    reintegration to the mainstream of society. It mobilizes the community resources, especially through volunteer
    probation aides.
    2. Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP) is authorized by law to grant parole to qualified prisoners. It also
    recommends to the President of the Philippines the grant of executive clemency in the form of reprieve,
    commutation of sentence, conditional pardon and absolute pardon.
    3. Department of Social Welfare and Development moreover assumes responsibility for the restorative part of the
    correction system by maintaining centers for the care and restoration of youth and women who are in conflict with
    the law.
    CORRECTION

    It is composed of Three Major and equally significant


    Components:

    THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
    The Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) is a self-help social learning treatment model that
    utilizes the community as the primary therapeutic vehicle to foster behavioral and attitudinal change. In this
    modality, the person learns and practices skills and responsibilities through structured activities that they can
    transfer to the society upon their release. Each participant is expected to be a contributing member of the
    community and develops the impetus to change by being a member of the community.
    CORRECTION

    Generally, corrections, as a component of the system are responsible for:


     The MAINTENANCE of institution such as prisons, jails, halfway houses, and
    others.
     The PROTECTION of law-abiding members of society by keeping convicted
    offenders from preying on society.
     The REFORMATION and rehabilitation of offenders in preparation for their
    eventual reintegration to the mainstream of society and helping them lead a
    normal life after release.
     The DETERRENCE of crimes, experience in prison and the fear of isolation
    and denial of liberty will influence inmates and potential offenders to lead a
    life not in conflict or afoul with the law.
    PENOLOGY
    PENOLOGY: IN GENERAL
    Penology - is a branch of criminology dealing with jail management and administration of
    inmates (BJMP Manual 145).
    • It is defined as the study of the reformation and rehabilitation of criminals and of the management of prisons.
    • The term is based on the root word penal, which is derived from the Latin word “POENALIS” meaning "punishment”
    and “POENA”, which means pain or suffering.
    • The study of penology, therefore, deals with the treatment of prisoners and the subsequent rehabilitation of convicted
    criminals.
    • It also encompasses aspects of probation (rehabilitation of offenders in the community) as well as penitentiary science
    relating to the secure detention and retraining of offenders committed to secure institutions.
    • The study also involves the correction and control of known criminal offenders.
    • Penologists formulate strategies for crime control and then help implement these policies in the real world. Some
    criminologists view penology as involving
    rehabilitation and treatment. Their efforts are directed at providing behavior alternatives for would-be criminals and
    treatment for individuals convicted of law violations.
    PENOLOGY
    • The terms penology and corrections are synonymous. It was not until 1954 that the American
    Prison Association changed its name to the American Correctional Association, thus reflecting
    a fundamental shift in the philosophy of handling those who break the law. Not only was
    punishment a valid objective, so too was the rehabilitation or correction of person found guilty
    of crime (Carlson,Hess, and Orthmann 7).
    • Penology is one of the three divisions of criminology that deals with the philosophy and
    practice of various societies in their attempts to repress criminal activities, and satisfy public
    opinion via an appropriate treatment regime for persons convicted of criminal offenses.
    The Three Divisions of Criminology
    There are three divisions of criminology. They are as follows:
    1. Sociology of Law - This focuses on the nature of crime from the legalistic point of view. It delves into the
    effects of present laws upon crime and studies the possible reforms in the laws in order to prevent and
    control the occurrence of crime. The major concern of the sociology of law is to critically examine the
    impact of various legal systems upon crime. This study can go a long way to evolve suitable changes in
    the laws to curb crime.

    2. Criminal Etiology - This makes a systematic investigation into the various causes of crime. It deals with
    the social and personal factors responsible for the occurrence of crime and growth of criminals.

    3. Penology - This deals with the treatment of prisoners and the subsequent rehabilitation of convicted
    criminals. Penology is the study of punishment for crime or criminal offenders. It includes the study of
    control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.
    The Primary Schools of Penology
    Classical School by Jeremy Bentham and Cesar Beccaria
    This maintains the “Doctrine of Psychological Hedonism” or “freewill”; that the individual
    calculates pleasures and pains in advance of action and regulates his conduct by the result of his
    calculations.
    Arguments against the Classical School:
    1) Unfair;
    2) Unjust; and
    3) It considers only the injury cause and not the mental condition of the offenders.
    The Primary Schools of Penology
    Neo-Classical School
    It maintained that while the classical doctrine is correct in general, it should be modified in certain
    details. Since children and lunatics cannot calculate the difference of pleasure from pain, they
    should not be regarded as criminals; hence they should be free from punishment.
     
    Contributions of Neo-Classical School
    a. Exempting circumstances
    b. Reduction of Punishment for partial freedom of the will only partial punishment
    c. Punishment mitigating for lack of full responsibility
    d. It represents the reaction against the severity of the classical theory of equal
    punishment irrespective of circumstances
    The Primary Schools of Penology
    Positivist/Italian School by Caesar Lombroso
    The school that denied individual responsibility and reflected non-punitive reactions to crime and
    criminality, it adheres that crimes, as any other act are a natural phenomenon. Criminals are
    considered sick individuals who need to be treated by treatment programs rather than punitive
    actions against them.
    Penal Management, Prison, and Jail
    Penal Management
    It is the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as in jails or prisons.
     
    Prison
    An institution established for the purpose of safe custody, confinement or imprisonment of
    persons convicted of serious crimes of more than three (3) years committed by lawful authority.
     
    Jail
    An institution purposely made for detaining persons who are awaiting/undergoing investigation
    and trial, awaiting final judgment and those who are convicted of lesser offenses of less than
    three (3) years of imprisonment.
    REFERENCES

    Handbook on INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS by Dr. Linnet Dolinen-Gahar

    BJMP Comprehensive Operations Manual 2015 Edition

    Compiled Modules on Institutional Corrections by Prof. Maricel M. Monis

    Compiled Review Materials on CORRECTIONS by Dean Brian Guerrero

    https://www.bucor.gov.ph/home.html

    https://www.bucor.gov.ph/programs.html

    https://www.bucor.gov.ph/facilities.html
    end

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