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    Module 1, Lecture 2 FOC

    Uploaded by

    Sanmukh Kaur
    The document discusses the structure and advantages of optical fiber communication. It describes how an optical fiber consists of a transparent core surrounded by a cladding material with a lower refractive index. This structure allows light to propagate down the fiber through total internal reflection at the core-cladding interface. Key advantages of optical fiber include enormous bandwidth, small size, electrical isolation, and low transmission loss.

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    Module 1, Lecture 2 FOC

    Uploaded by

    Sanmukh Kaur
    28 views9 pages
    The document discusses the structure and advantages of optical fiber communication. It describes how an optical fiber consists of a transparent core surrounded by a cladding material with a lower refractive index. This structure allows light to propagate down the fiber through total internal reflection at the core-cladding interface. Key advantages of optical fiber include enormous bandwidth, small size, electrical isolation, and low transmission loss.

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    The document discusses the structure and advantages of optical fiber communication. It describes how an optical fiber consists of a transparent core surrounded by a cladding material with a lower refractive index. This structure allows light to propagate down the fiber through total internal reflection at the core-cladding interface. Key advantages of optical fiber include enormous bandwidth, small size, electrical isolation, and low transmission loss.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views9 pages

    Module 1, Lecture 2 FOC

    Uploaded by

    Sanmukh Kaur
    The document discusses the structure and advantages of optical fiber communication. It describes how an optical fiber consists of a transparent core surrounded by a cladding material with a lower refractive index. This structure allows light to propagate down the fiber through total internal reflection at the core-cladding interface. Key advantages of optical fiber include enormous bandwidth, small size, electrical isolation, and low transmission loss.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Amity School of Engg &


    Technology
    B.Tech , Semester VII
    Fiber Optic Communication
    Lecture 2
    Dr Sanmukh Kaur

    1
    Learning ObjectivesAmity
    &School
    Outcomes
    of Engineering & Technology

    • To view the structure of optical fiber waveguide and understand the need of
    cladding

    • Identify the different layers of fiber and their need in fiber structure

    • Appreciate the advantages of Fiber Optic Communication system

    • Ability to recognize the process of light propagation in Fiber

    2
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology
    Optical fiber structure

    I. Introduction

    • This structure consists of a transparent core with a refractive index n 1


    surrounded by a transparent cladding of slightly lower refractive index n 2

    3
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Optical fiber structure


    II. Need of Cladding

    • Cladding is required to

    - Supports the waveguide structure

    - When sufficiently thick, may substantially reduce the radiation loss into the
    surrounding air

    • In essence, the light energy travels in both the core and the cladding allowing
    the
    associated fields to decay to a negligible value at the cladding–air interface.

    4
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Advantages of optical fiber communication


    • Enormous potential bandwidth

    • Small size and weight

    • Electrical isolation

    • Immunity to interference and crosstalk

    • Signal security

    • Low transmission loss

    • System reliability and ease of maintenance

    • Potential low cost


    5
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Total internal reflection through ray theory model


    • Refractive index of Dielectric medium
    - The refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the velocity of light in a

    vacuum to the velocity of light in the medium.

    • Snell’s law of refraction


    - The angles of incidence φ1 and refraction φ2 are related to each other and to the
    refractive indices of the dielectrics by
    Snell’s law of refraction which states that:

    6
    Fig.1
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Total internal reflection


    • If n1 is greater than n2, the angle of refraction is always greater than the angle of
    incidence.

    • When the angle of refraction is 90°, the refracted ray emerges parallel to the
    interface
    between the dielectrics [Fig.2].

    • This is the limiting case of refraction and the


    angle of incidence is now known as the
    critical angle φc

    Fig.2
    7
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Total internal reflection


    • The value of critical angle is given by :

    • At angles of incidence greater than the critical angle , the light is reflected back into

    the originating dielectric medium (total internal reflection) with high efficiency
    (around 99.9%).

    • This phenomenon is called total internal reflection [Fig.3]

    Fig.3 8
    Amity School of Engineering & Technology

    Discussion

    1013 - 1016 Hz

    Coax cable
    Mm wave rf
    Noninvasive manner

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