Class - 2 - Brick and Masonary Block

Class 4
BRICK AND MASONRY BLOCK

BRICK
Definition:A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other
elements in masonry construction.
They are made from specially selected and matured brick-earth consisting chiefly of
silica(35-70%) and alumina (10-20%).
Excess of silica tends to make the brick brittle and too much alumina makes the
brick warp and crack on drying and burning.
Besides of this, other agent like lime, magnesia, oxide of iron which act as colouring
agent and flux to assist fusion during burning of the brick earth.
BRICK
Manufacturing of brick earth:
The brick is manufactured through following process:
• Preparation of brick earth
• Moulding
• Drying
• Burning
CLASSIFICATION OF BRICK
Based on manufacturing process : classified into 4 categories;

Ground moulded brick –theses are generally burned in temporary clamps. the
dimension of the brick is not regular.
Table moulded bricks –these are burned in kilns . Another name of brick is
stock brick.
Machine moulded brick- these are burned in continuous kiln. Theses are also
called wire-cut bricks.
Pressed brick- theses are made under pressure . These are mainly used in
decorative works.
Based on Compression(crushing) strength and uses

First Class Bricks :-
This are table moulded and crushing strength is minimum 10.5 MPa.
Surface & edges are sharp, square ,smooth , straight.
Well brunt & have uniform texture ,metallic ringing when struck
against each other.
Used for superior work.
Second Class Bricks :-
This are ground moulded brick and minimum crushing strength is 7 MPa.
Surface are rough.
The quality of this bricks are inferior.
Based on compression (crushing)strength and uses.

Third Class Bricks :-
The surface & edges are rough and minimum crushing strength is
3.5 MPa.
Does not create any metallic sound.
Used for temporary & unimportant structure.
Fourth Class Bricks :-
This bricks are over brunt and crushing strength is less than 3.5 MPa.
Irregular shape & dark colour.
Used in floor , foundation, roads.
PROPERTIES OF BRICK
Colour: The colour of good brick should be uniform. It may deep red,
cherry or copper coloured.
Shape: Bricks should be uniform in shape with sharp straight right angled edges.
Durability: A good brick should be able to resist the effects of weathering
agencies like temperature, rain, etc.
Size: Size of the bricks should be standard as prescribed by Indian standards. [19cm
x 9cm x 9cm]
Structure: A good brick should show fine, compact and uniform structure in
broken form
PROPERTIES OF BRICK
Soundness: A good brick should give metallic ringing sound when struck with
another brick.
Hardness: A good brick should be sufficiently hard which can be tested by a
finger nail. No mark should be left on the surface of the brick when scratched
with thumb-nail.
PROPERTIES OF BRICK
•
Crushing strength: The crushing strength of a brick should not be less than
3.5N/mm2
Compressive strength in N/mm2 ( kgf/cm2 ) =
Fall test of brick : Bricks should not break when dripped on hard ground from
a height of about 1m.
PROPERTIES OF BRICK
•
Water absorption: After immersion in cold water for 24 hours, water
absorption shall not be more than 20 percent by weight up to class 12'5 and
15 percent by weight for higher classes.
% of Water absorption=
Thermal conductivity : Thermal conductivity is a material property that
describes ability to conduct heat .Thermal conductivity can be defined as °C.
It is 0.6 -1.0 w/m. k
TESTS ON BRICK
Following tests are conducted on bricks to determine its suitability for construction work.

Absorption test

Crushing strength test

Hardness test

Shape and size

Colour test

Soundness test

Structure of brick

Presence of soluble salts (Efflorescence Test)
TESTS ON BRICK
1. Absorption Test on Bricks

Absorption test is conducted on brick to find out the amount of moisture content
absorbed by brick under extreme conditions. In this test, sample dry bricks are
taken and weighed. After weighing these bricks are placed in water with full
immersing for a period of 24 hours. Then weigh the wet brick and note down its
value. The difference between dry and wet brick weights will give the amount of
water absorption. For a good quality brick the amount of water absorption should
not exceed 20% of weight of dry brick.
TESTS ON BRICK
2. Crushing Strength or Compressive Strength Test on Bricks

Crushing strength of bricks is determined by placing brick in compression testing
machine. After placing the brick in compression testing machine, apply load on it
until brick breaks. Note down the value of failure load and find out the crushing
strength value of brick. Minimum crushing strength of brick is 3.50N/mm2.if it is
less than 3.50 N/mm2, then it is not useful for construction purpose
3. Hardness Test on Bricks

A good brick should resist scratches against sharp
things. So, for this test a sharp tool or finger nail is
used to make scratch on brick. If there is no scratch
impression on brick then it is said to be hard brick
TESTS ON BRICK
4. Shape and Size Test on Bricks
Shape and size of bricks are very important consideration. All bricks used for
construction should be of same size. The shape of bricks should be purely
rectangular with sharp edges. Standard brick size consists length x breadth x height
as 19cm x 9cm x 9cm.
To perform this test, select 20 bricks randomly from brick group and stack them
along its length , breadth and height and compare. So, if all bricks similar size then
they are qualified for construction work
TESTS ON BRICK
5. Colour Test of Bricks

A good brick should possess bright and uniform colour throughout its body.
6. Soundness Test of Bricks

Soundness test of bricks shows the nature of bricks against sudden impact. In this test, 2
bricks are chosen randomly and struck with one another. Then sound produced should be
clear bell ringing sound and brick should not break. Then it is said to be good brick.
7. Structure of Bricks
To know the structure of brick, pick one brick randomly from the group and break it.
Observe the inner portion of brick clearly. It should be free from lumps and homogeneous
TESTS ON BRICK
8. Efflorescence Test on Bricks

A good quality brick should not contain any soluble salts in it. If soluble salts are
there, then it will cause efflorescence on brick surfaces.
To know the presence of soluble salts in a brick, placed it in a water bath for 24
hours and dry it in shade. After drying, observe the brick surface thoroughly. If
there is any white or grey colour deposits, then it contains soluble salts and not
useful for construction
THANK YOU

Class - 2 - Brick and Masonary Block

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class - 2 - Brick and Masonary Block

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class - 2 - Brick and Masonary Block

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class 4

BRICK AND MASONRY BLOCK

Based on manufacturing process : classified into 4 categories;

Based on Compression(crushing) strength and uses

Based on compression (crushing)strength and uses.

1. Absorption Test on Bricks

2. Crushing Strength or Compressive Strength Test on Bricks

3. Hardness Test on Bricks

5. Colour Test of Bricks

6. Soundness Test of Bricks

8. Efflorescence Test on Bricks

You might also like