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    1st Lect 1st Semester 29.3.19 Introduction Bioerhics

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    Inayat
    This document provides an introduction to biomedical ethics. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including definitions of ethics and bioethics, a brief history of bioethics including key milestones, why bioethics is important for medical students, and an overview of basic bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. It then provides an example scenario involving allocation of limited ventilator resources in an ICU to demonstrate application of these principles.

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    1st Lect 1st Semester 29.3.19 Introduction Bioerhics

    Uploaded by

    Inayat
    163 views23 pages
    This document provides an introduction to biomedical ethics. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including definitions of ethics and bioethics, a brief history of bioethics including key milestones, why bioethics is important for medical students, and an overview of basic bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. It then provides an example scenario involving allocation of limited ventilator resources in an ICU to demonstrate application of these principles.

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    This document provides an introduction to biomedical ethics. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including definitions of ethics and bioethics, a brief history of bioethics including key milestones, why bioethics is important for medical students, and an overview of basic bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. It then provides an example scenario involving allocation of limited ventilator resources in an ICU to demonstrate application of these principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    163 views23 pages

    1st Lect 1st Semester 29.3.19 Introduction Bioerhics

    Uploaded by

    Inayat
    This document provides an introduction to biomedical ethics. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including definitions of ethics and bioethics, a brief history of bioethics including key milestones, why bioethics is important for medical students, and an overview of basic bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. It then provides an example scenario involving allocation of limited ventilator resources in an ICU to demonstrate application of these principles.

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    Biomedical Ethics

    INTRODUCTION TO BIOETHICS

    DR. INAYAT ULLAH MEMON


    MBBS, MCPS (Path), MMedSc (Australia)
    PGD Bioethics (CBEC, SIUT), Masters Bioethics (AKU)
    PGD Tele-Medicine, e-Health

    1st Lecture, 1st Semester MBBS


    INDUS MED. COLLEGE. TMK
    29th March 2019
    2

    Inayat U Memon

    Outlines of today’s presentation

    1. What is ETHICS
    2. What is BIOETHICS and Medical Ethics
    3. History of Bioethics
    4. Milestones in history of Bioethics
    5. Why Bioethics for Medical Students
    6. What are Ethical Principles
    7. Application of Bioethics Principles
    3

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    1. What is ETHICS?

    • The study of the general nature of morals (moral


    values) and of the specific moral choices made by
    a person; the moral philosophy

    • The rules or standards governing the conduct


    (behavior) of a person or the members of a
    profession.
    4

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    2. What is BIOETHICS?

    • The study of the ethical and moral implications


    of new biological discoveries and biomedical
    advances.
    • The branch of ethics that investigates problems
    specifically arising from medical and biological
    practice.
    • Bioethics could be defined as the study of ethical
    issues and decision-making associated with the
    use of living organisms
    5

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    BIOETHICS & MEDICAL ETHICS

    • Bioethics: Study of ethical issues


    associated with living organisms.

    • Medical Ethics: Study of ethical issues


    associated with medical practice
    6

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    3. History of Bioethics

    • History of Bioethics as old as history of


    medicine
    • Documentary evidence of Bioethics found
    in Ebers Papyrus (1500 years BC)
    • The word BIOETHICS was introduced in
    1970 by Prof Rensselaer in Wisconsin USA
    7

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    Prof Von Rensselaer, Wisconsin University


    8

    Dr Inayat Memon

    4. Milestones in the History of Bioethics

    • 1932: Tuskegee Syphilis study begins


    • 1946: Nuremberg trial of Nazi Physicians
    • 1947: Nuremberg Code
    • 1950-1960: Thalidomide tragedy
    • 1964: Declaration of Helsinki
    • 1972: Syphilis study exposed
    • 1997 (06th May): President Clinton’s apology
    9

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    5. Why Bioethics is taught to med. students?

    • Grandfather of a young man is suffering


    from some urinary problems. He brings
    his grandfather to a urologist. As per his
    advice for investigations, young man
    brings those results. On seeing the test
    results, the consultant tells him that his
    grandfather suffers from Prostatic cancer.
    10

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    Why Bioethics is taught to med. Students (cont.)

    • The young man when arrives home, he tells the


    diagnosis to his father. Both decide that due to
    old age and fragile personality of the old man,
    not to tell him about real illness (cancer).
    • When the old man asks about his diagnosis,
    they tell him that his illness is of mild type and
    shouldn’t worry about it.
    Do you agree with this manner of
    handling the situation
    11

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    6. Basic Principles of Bioethics


    12

    I U Memon

    Basic Principles of Bioethics

    A. Respect for Autonomy


    B. Justice
    C. Beneficence
    D. Non-maleficence
    13

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    A. Autonomy

    • What is Autonomy?
    ▫ Self-governance
    ▫ Self-determination
    ▫ Self-rule

    • Limitations:
    ▫ While self governing, take care of others, not to
    encroach upon (violate) their rights
    ▫ Equal importance or respect of others’ rights
    14

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    B. Justice
    • Fairness
    • Impartiality
    • Objectivity
    • Evenhandedness
    • Righteousness
    • Treat / behave others equally, irrespective of
    their status or position
    15

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    Justice (cont:)

    • to each person an equal share


    • to each person according to need
    • to each person according to effort
    • to each person according to contribution
    • to each person according to merit
    • to each person according to free-market
    exchanges
    16

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    Justice
    17

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    Goddess of Justice
    18

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    C. Beneficence
    • Action that is done for the benefit of others.
    Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent
    or remove harms or to simply improve the
    situation of others.

    • Examples:
    ▫ Resuscitating a drowning victim
    ▫ Vaccination for general population
    19

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    D. Non-maleficence
    • Non-maleficence means to “do no harm”.
    Physicians must refrain from providing ineffective
    treatments or acting with malice towards patients.

    • Examples:
    ▫ Stopping medication that is harmful to the patients
    ▫ Refusing to provide treatment that has not been
    shown to be effective.
    20

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    7. Application of Bioethics Principles:

    • You are a resident in ICU (Intensive Care Unit).


    There are four beds with ventilators in this unit.
    • All four beds are occupied by serious patients and
    they are servicing on these ventilators.
    • One of those patient (on bed #3) is an old man of
    80 years, suffering from cancer and is in terminal
    stage, without any hope of recovery.
    21

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    Application of Bioethics Principles (cont.):

    • Next day a patient of 32 years of road traffic


    accident comes to ICU, your are on duty, he has
    severe chest injuries and immediately needs some
    ventilator to keep him alive.

    • The relatives of this RTA patient insists that their


    patient should be kept on bed #3 (where old man
    of 80 years) is lying. They argue that he has
    minimal chances of recovery and survival. While
    their patient is of young and acutely needs to be
    kept on ventilator.
    22

    I U Memon

    Thanks for Patient Listening


    23

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    Extra: Goddess of Justice

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