Rehabilitation Strategies and Prevention of Child Delinquency in India

REHABILITATION STRATEGIES AND PREVENTION OF CHILD DELINQUENCY IN INDIA
REHABILITATION STRATEGIES AND PREVENTION OF CHILD DELINQUENCY IN

INDIA
Bhawna Bhardwaj, Assistant Professor, Unitedworld School of Law, Karnavati University,

Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Dr Aseem Chandra Paliwal, Associate Professor, Unitedworld School of Law, Karnavati
University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Priyanka Taktawala, Assistant Professor, Unitedworld School of Law, Karnavati University,
Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Abstract
This research paper analyses the contextual background of the study of Juvenile delinquency and about
the rehabilitation processes in India with special reference to Jabalpur division, with the help of
different number of research questions it would be possible to lend a cause/effect structure and know
about the emergence and effect of delinquency in India. This paper presents the pros/cons format of
this issue and develops the plots of the Juvenile delinquency and examines the relation of it to the
individual as well to the system. This research paper would also compare and contrast the impact of
social control and its effect on the delinquent.
In this research article researcher has attempted to examine the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies
in Indian context and will scrutinize effectively the most relevant information and knowledge and will
help in analysing the issue and get answers about Juvenile delinquency with new prospects and
perspectives. The paper is related to Juvenile Justice system and Juvenile delinquency and will clarify
learning intentions involving the impact and success of Juvenile Justice system in India and develop
in-depth understanding of the issue. This study of Juvenile delinquency and rehabilitation of the
Inmates of the various Juveniles Homes of Jabalpur division were used as a population for studying
not only the causal factors but also to know and explore more about the rehabilitation strategies adopted
in these Juveniles homes and its success in this area.
Key Words: Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Homes, Rehabilitation,
Restoration.
Introduction
Children who are hope and dream of any nation, the survivors and supreme assets, they are future
aspirations of any country are when distracted cause severe harm to humanity. Any nation’s
development and its existence are determined by young children’s only, and are therefore of great
concern and importance, the one who are law abiding citizens of the country when diverts and distracts
to be delinquents is a huge loss and failure of any country.
As per many studies large number of adolescences all over the world are engaged in various forms of
juvenile crimes from school skipping, running away from home, alcoholism, drug addiction, rape
crime to vandalism, shoplifting, juvenile prostitution, teenage sex etc. Juvenile delinquency has caused
a severe social unrest in most part of world. In order to better understand juvenile behaviour in-depth
study is needed and it is very much necessary to know each and every psycho-social context in which
children lives. Another context to comprehend as far as juvenile delinquency is concerned which is a
big social problem in this of fast changing world due to Urbanisation, Globalisation and
industrialisation.
Juvenile delinquency has increased to unbelievable large extent in every part of the world devoid of
their cultural and social backgrounds. In spite of large number of studies devoted to recognize its
severity found to be impotent to discover completely the issues related to delinquency whether it is
related to money and lust or pride and prejudice things become alarming as far as crime and
delinquency is concerned.
According to various reports the extent and frequency of Juvenile crime is very high and have hard
realities and it has been found that there has been considerable increase in the incidents of juvenile
NIU International Journal of Human Rights ISSN: 2394 – 0298 Volume 10 (I) : 2023 192
crime and it is higher in rate among boys as compared to girls, also juvenile delinquency rate is higher
in technologically advanced developed countries than in developing countries.
Unfortunately, the advent of modernisation and urbanisation, India is also experiencing a great social
change as far as delinquency and crime is concerned, which has adversely affected the mind of young
individuals. Delinquency has increased at an unexpected and tremendous rate in the present
contemporary society. There are numerous reports, surveys and even NCBR data has depicted the
unpleasantly severe picture of heinous crime committed by the juveniles in the form of murder,
robbery, Gang rape, vandalism, underage drinking violations and other substance abuse which has
appalled and frighted the whole nation.
Such anti-social and criminal behaviour by nations future citizens creates distress among entire social
system of the country, whether it is about the Nirbhaya gang rape case of December 16,2012 which
shocked the entire nation in which culprits list was inclusive of one juvenile as well.And this gruesome
crime by juvenile was the reason for Juvenile Justice Bill, 2015. One such other horrible and heart
wrenching juvenile crime was of Pradyumna Thakur an eight-year-old boy of class second of New
Delhi who was killed by a 16-Year-old boy and this young boy killed little boy just for the post-
ponement of school exams as per the various reports published, another such incident was the Govandi
murder case of Mumbai, in which an 11-year-old boy pushed a knife to death to her tuition teacher for
quarrel of his mother over fees payment. The boy was so much short tempered who couldn’t take
meagre ‘insult’ of her mother and killed the teacher. So, this the situation of not only India but also the
world.
If we go at background of world juvenile crime incidents and try to find the extent and recollect those
facts which are no more but have left their signs and symbols in such a way which couldn’t be
eradicated from the minds of the common people and all those researches on it could know the reasons
and fundamental base for juvenile being so cruel and committing crime just for the shake of doing
and or for lust and greed; also insufficient guidance and enlightening them of the ill consequences of
these crimes by parents to one aspect and whole society to another but broad aspect is missing.
There are so many different ways through which different thinkers, criminologists and sociologists
have tried to analyse the various causes and reasons behind juvenile delinquency and they have their
own perspective to unpack the ideas and linkages of these delinquent behaviours, some give
psychological views, and there are some who agree upon the sociological analysis of the factors
responsible for delinquency.
Many criminologists and sociologist have described and tried to analyse social environment and
ecological locality as the substantial factor for crime and delinquency. Their theories highlighted
person’s residential location, community and their neighbourhood as the larger and to great extent
primary reason behind individual’s crimes and this is called as social disorganisation theory. This
theory describes about the essentiality of the person’s physical and social surroundings as the major
attribute in engaging person to criminality and regards neighbourhood, community, society, city,
town, vicinity, etc. as the specific cause behind his relation with crime and deviance. As far as the
crime rate percentages are concerned are much high in such locations and areas are therefore the
possibility of the individual who is part of it is very much prone and effective to crime and delinquency
and they get much involved with it as result of the matters related to environment and location.
There are many social thinkers as well as criminologist who have given there viewpoints and who
considers social environment and socially disorganised locality as the crucial factor for delinquency,
Influential among them are Shaw and Mckay (1942),Bursik and Grasmick (1992), Sampson and
Groves(1989), Wilson , Heitgerd, Raudenbush and Earls (1997), McNulty and Bellair (2003), etc.
have conducted different studies and discovered the potential impact of their human ecological
surroundings.
According to Sutherland,1924, Criminal behaviour is learned behaviour and it is many ways based
on those interactions with other people from very special to general communication process. And also,
he describes these interactions where there is much of the interaction with the primary group and to
great extent with all close, small and intimate social group relations like family, friends, and
neighbours. Most important aspect of this theory that the learners not only get motivated and develop
desires to do the same but at the same time learn all those techniques, and methods to do crime and
become criminal. Along with this the person who is in association with those already in the criminal
activities which varies based on the frequency, duration, priory and intensity.
Juvenile Homes: Rehabilitation Process, Functioning and related Activities

As the social world transforms with time so the change could be observed in the various social
institutions of the society. Legal Institution are one of the most essential parts of any societies structural
or organisational foundation. Law and legal system are the sources or mechanisms of social control.
Law acts as an important instrument of social change to some extent but social control to larger extent.
Through law and legislation all the different institutions of the society are abided by rules and it
functions to regulate the behaviour of the individuals in society. Children in criminal justice system
were earlier treated and considered as adult criminal in law and legislation in most part of the world
but now most part world have separate justice courts for children in conflict with law which is known
as Juvenile justice system.
Today society is transforming and adopting the norms of restoration and rehabilitation of delinquents
which could also be realised in all parts of the world.
Meaning and Definition of Child Care Institution

A Child care institution are the institutions for the rehabilitation and safe keeping, shelter and
reformation of both children in need of care and protection and children in conflict with law. It is well
defined under juvenile justice Act,2015, and here it means Observation Home, Children Home,
Special Home, Place of Safety, Open Shelter, Specialised Adoption Agency, Fit Facility as such with
accepted norms and provides for safeguarding and rehabilitation of all children who are
underprivileged and destitute and are in need of such services. These institutions provide for not only
residential care and protection but also helps these children in conflict with law/need in care and
protection to re-integrate in the mainstream society. 1 The primary function of these institutions is
overall development of the child through making use of rehabilitative mechanisms and bring change
in his all-inclusive aspects of the personality for instance mental, social and psychological. Every child
is reared and nurtured differently based on their socio-economic background and that also depends on
the parental care and socialization and therefore these institutions look for the actives that could shape
their social and behavioural aspects of personality, provides vocational training and could thus help
them re-integrate into the normal and mainstream social world. Here in this portion of the chapter the
various child care institutions have been described so as to understand the functions of these
institutions and also highlight the procedural and methodological background of these institutions.
All instructions under Juvenile Justice Act are the followed as an uncompromising norm by these
institutions. These institutions have special objectives and purposes according to which they
implement rules and regulations for child care and protection. These Child care institutions or
Institutional Care could also be further divided into Institutional Care Government run Homes under
Integrated Child Protection Scheme under Ministry of Women and Child Development Department
Government of India. And Non- Institutional NGO run Homes. Apart from this it also to escalate
capacities of these institutions in different levels like in state, district and block or village levels, this
also aims to create a databases and knowledge base for Child Protection services, which includes MIS
and child tracking system in the country for effective implementation and monitoring of child
protection services. so as to strengthen child protection and care at both family and community level
apart from these objectives it also works to encourage public awareness in all parts of the society. 2
This Service delivery structure of Integrated Child Protection Scheme can be divided under:
1 www.//vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/living-conditions-in-institutions-for-children-in-conflict-with-
law/objectives-and-approach-of-child-care-
institutions#:~:text=A%20child%20care%20institution%20as,in%20need%20of%20such%20services(accessed April 23,
2021).
2 www.cara.nic.in/PDF/revised%20ICPS%20scheme.pdf(accessed April 25, 2021).
1. 1.Government of India (National Level) -Child Helpline Foundation/CARA/NIPCCD

2. 2.State Government Level (State Level)-SCPS/SARA
3. District Level-DCPUs/Sponsorship and Foster care Approval Committee
4. Village and Block Level- BCPS/VCPS
Rehabilitation programmes which are primary objectives of juvenile homes, observation home,
children’s homes or any other child care institutions which is part of daily time schedule of these
children’s in conflict with law are as follows:3
1. Discipline- The very first step towards rehabilitation is through discipline and that is the most
important criteria in the rehabilitation programme. Juveniles are required to follow the time-table as
scheduled for Juveniles. Each activity of the Juveniles is structured around it and is strictly followed
by the juveniles and makes them disciplined life makes them effective and helps in building character
also which is the very basic requirement for rehabilitation. And therefore, this is the very important
step acquired by the child care institutions.
2. Yoga and Meditation – Yoga and Meditation is another very basic rehabilitation activity utilised for
the rehabilitation of Juveniles in these Institutional care centres. Every Juveniles home includes this
practice of yoga and meditation as one of the most important stress management tools for the children
in conflict with law. It is helpful achieving both physical and mental health of the Juveniles and it
also enhances self-awareness and help fight addictions.
3. Personality Development – Another important aspect of rehabilitation activity is in the form of
personality development which helps juveniles to develop their understanding of themselves and at
the same times increases their awareness of the other people also and this creates moral values and
inculcate positiveness in the Juveniles and removes negatives of the children in conflict with law.
Through various personality development programmes enhances their activeness and improves their
behaviour they learn to integrate and develops patience in the Juveniles.
4. Counselling- The Juveniles are those children who because of some or other reasons have deviated
from mainstream societal goals are needed to put back/restore in the profound manner to society and
this is done through counselling as well in the form of rehabilitative mechanism in these Juveniles
homes. This service helps these children to understand much efficiently the difficult life situations
and navigate negatives in the personality and situations. This is also important part of rehabilitation
and relive stress and difficult conditions faced by these Juveniles. It is very important in changing the
mindset of the children in conflict with law.
5. Vocational and skill-Training- Vocational and skill training is another important step towards
rehabilitation of Juveniles as prescribed in the Juvenile Justice rehabilitation activities. When these
Children in conflict with law are given such trainings, they become more confident and develop
qualities that can make them independent and also self-reliant at the same time make them understand
their potentials and hidden talents to a large extent. Many courses related to skill development training
are included in these institutions and time to time equips these children with it. Vocational training
like sewing, Tailoring, computer operating, fashion designing course, stenography, carpentry,
welding, mobile repairing, candle making, soap making, gardening, printing and book binding,
Textile printing etc.) and many other vocation/trades based on local needs which has employment
potential like Catering, Fashion designing, Care giving / Nursing helps Juveniles to become self-
depended and earn some income.
6. Bala-Panchayat- The Bala-Panchatyat is also one of the such strategy adopted as a rehabilitative
activity. The primary objective of Bala-Panchayat (Child self-governance) is to make independent
and is conducted by the children themselves with their peer-mates at Institution. The aim of Bala-
Panchayat is to inculcate we-feeling and sense of responsibility among the children. Through these
Bala-Panchayat’s children develops many qualities like self-discipline, self-confidence, inculcates
assertiveness, and also enables them to cope up with the problems and complications of life easily.
3www.wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/SOP%20ON%20REHABILITATION%20OF%20CHILDREN%20IN%20CONFLI
CT%20WITH%20THE%20LAW_0.pdf(accessed April 25, 2021).
7. Computer Education- In this increasingly technological world knowledge of computer has become
mandatory and to gather more information about this one need knowledge to access these gadgets
and therefore in Juveniles homes also children in conflict law are given training about the use of
computers. Through which children could enrich their capacity of exhibiting knowledge in every field
of life such as business, government, entertainment, banking, education, administration and
industries. Juveniles get to know about various parts of societies.
8. Development of short-term courses-
Apart from computer education and other short-term courses are also there which are used to
rehabilitate and provide them with opportunities of job and also eradicate illiteracy and ignorance in
many ways. Children develop their skills and employment for themselves.
9. Art and Craft Therapy-Juveniles are also having extra-curricular classes of art and craft which helps
the children to relax, feel sense of accomplishments and improve their motor-skills, develops their
talents and they learn music, dance, painting and other artistic activities through these various
programmes.
10. Spoken English- English is most spoken and used language in the world and for daily interaction
also in so many ways it is adopted by everyone apart from that this language is also used as important
medium in education as well and therefore it is also is one of the most essential parts of the
rehabilitation programme used in these Juvenile Homes. Special focus is given to the learning of this
language in particular in every child care Institutions of every state. English teachers are therefore
recruited in these Institutions who teaches these children in conflict with law.
11. Cultural Gathering- Cultural gatherings organised in these Juvenile Homes for the children in
conflict with law are very important for building values and attachment for traditions and culture of
country. They get together and participates in various cultural programme time to time for celebrating
festivals like Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi etc. which develops the quality of integrity and bring
them together for doing good to all, Juvenile learn about the culture of their society and as well as
they develop self-discipline and confidence in them. Dance and drama are also the activities which
are taught to these Juveniles which also inculcates the artistic skills of the children in these child care
Institutions
12. Farming, Gardening and Animal Husbandry- Farming, Gardening and Animal Husbandry are
also inclusive in the rehabilitation schedule of the Juveniles because these also instils the expertise
qualities of entrepreneurship in them and can help them with self-employment silks and make them
confident as well as independent also once they are released from these Institutions can open their
own small ventures and reintegrate smoothly in the mainstream society.
13. Sports and Games- Sports and Games helps Juveniles learn to respect authority, rules and develops
team spirit in them, through sports children come together and it also develops moral principles and
character. Moreover, children develop self-esteem and learn to manage deeds of life like games and
social interaction also inculcates quality of equality and benefits and motivates them to face various
hard situations of life.
14. Recreation – Recreation activities like watching T.V. programme and playing indoor games also
entertains them but also makes them creative and thus the various multi-dimensional approaches of
rehabilitations activities in these Juvenile Homes make them more emotionally, physically, and
intellectually focussed and harmonious in all aspects of the personality qualities.
Thus, through various mechanisms of rehabilitation Juveniles are made to adopt new life norms which
could save them from sufferings as well as do not deviate them for the very basic prescribed norms
of the society. Restoration of Juveniles back to normal civilised life is very important and this process
is carried out in these child care Institutions and this process requires lot of efforts from every side
and involves a network of different professionals who undertake this tough task within a scheduled
time frame and for successful rehabilitation and re-integration of children in conflict with law it
becomes essential to make strategic plan and multi-dimensional approach to carry on it completely.
These professionals act as link to reach the goal line of rehabilitation tools as is in juvenile Justice
system under Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS). District Child Protection Unit manages
and contrivance all child rights and protection activities at a district level. And it contributes to
effective execution of child protection legislations, schemes and also supports implementation of
family based non-institutional services including sponsorship, foster care, adoption and after care.
These professional and personnel (Government and non-Government) as shown in the figure work
to provide effective services to children in conflict with law and children in need of care and
protection under Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of children) Act 2015.
Apart from that other duty bearers of the Child Care institutions are Probation Officer/Child Welfare
Officer, physical Health Team, Medical Officer, Resident Nurse/Paramedical Staff, Superintendent
of Juvenile Homes, Educator, Counsellor, Yoga and other Mental Health team,
Counsellor/Psychiatrist, Accountant/Store Keeper, House Father/Mother, Vocational Training
Instructors, Helpers, Cook, House Keeper, security guards and Safai Karam Charis have their
important roles in these child care institutions.
Statement of the problem

Juveniles in conflict with law is one of the most serious and gravest social problem in India, and as per
the review of the various data released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) under
Ministry of Home Affairs, there has been significant increase in the crimes committed by juveniles.
As per reports the rate of cases registered against Juveniles in conflict with the Law and crime could
be discovered and depicts the severity of it in India. In the year 2005 the rate of crime under cases of
Juveniles in conflict with law was 1.7 and which increased to 2.5 percentage. And the cases registered
against Juveniles in conflict with law in the year 2005 was 18939 as compared to the cases registered
in the year 2015 increased to 31396 per lakh. This data reveals the extent and depth of the problem
caused by various factors. Therefore, this study focuses to know about the reasons and decode the
hidden causal attributes of Juvenile delinquency.4
Limitations and scope of the study

The scope of this study is limited to examine and research about the current trends and vehemence of
Juvenile delinquency and specifically its primary focus would be on the rehabilitation of Juveniles
before and after situations when the inmates were confined to the Special Home or Observation centre,
Juveniles in conflict with law in Indian context under Juvenile Justice system are the probable sample
used in the study.
This study is based on the data collected from the inmates of Juvenile Homes of Jabalpur division of
Madhya Pradesh. Around 41 inmates were used as data and with the help of Interview schedule
(Annexure-I) related questions were adequately filled within the time period of the start of the research
i.e., from 2019-2021, and through Interview schedule data collection method were used to determine
some variables. Along with this around two major case studies based on their uniqueness were included
which gives in-depth, multi-layered or dimensional understanding of the Juvenile delinquency problem
in their real-life settings.
Research objectives
 To analyse the problem of Juvenile delinquency and to trace out structure, functioning and
various aims of the Juvenile Homes in Jabalpur division of Madhya Pradesh.
 2.To study the rehabilitation pattern, to examine current trends and programs and therapeutic
methods employed to assist juvenile delinquents with re-entering mainstream society.
 To examine the preventative, restorative and rehabilitative approaches to Juvenile delinquency.
 To study the about the proceedings and process of the Juvenile court.
Research Questions:
1.What is Juvenile delinquency and why is it a very sensitive issue?
2. What are the major factors responsible for Juvenile delinquency?
4
https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/crime_in_india_table_additional_table_chapter_reports/Chapter%2010-
15.11.16_2015.pdf
3.How affective is Juvenile justice system of our country and its correctional measures?
4. What are the rehabilitate measures impact on the inmates of Juvenile Homes?
5. How much the conditions of delinquency improving in Jabalpur division?
Review of Literature
This section of present chapter comprises of review of literature of all those previous researches on
this topic of juvenile delinquency and rehabilitation which somehow gives theoretical base for this
research. The purpose of all these reviews of various extensive researches is to look back into the
subject matter and theoretical composition relating the impact and implementation of juvenile justice
system of previous researches so as to determine the nature of this research and objectively evaluate
the relevancy and significance of this research.
As this review is consists of summary of previous researches which helps to describe and develop
logical relationships between different variables. Juvenile delinquency is a very broad subject matter
but still if one goes on searching for the one or other issues related to it there is innumerable
perspectives of it, and here in this research the prime sources of conceptual analysis are all about the
rehabilitation and Integration of juvenile offenders into the main stream society.
As far as the major aspects of Juvenile justice system as of consequences and conflict following are
the major studies based on this topic:
Mitra. L. Nripendra., ‘Juvenile Delinquency and Indian Justice’5 1998, This book presents social
and legal perspectives of juvenile delinquency and describes about the major causes of delinquency.
This study gives critical analyses the law and legislation under juvenile justice system. It studies the
principal preventive measure and treatment services for the children.
Bhattacharya Sunil. K. Juvenile Justice: An Indian Scenario,20006
This book by Dr. Sunil K. Bhattacharya who is well known in the field of social defence in India, who
is now practising as advocate in Supreme Court of India writes about the Juvenile Justice System in
India and he describes about the Justice system in Indian scenario and describes about the Institutional
and non-Institutional treatment of Juveniles in India, along with that he writes about the juvenile
deviance and its anti-social propensities. In chapter IX of his book, he explains about the After-care
and Rehabilitation of Juveniles and proclaims it as an extension of services already rendered in an
Institution. According to him it is an effort to facilitate readjustment and reassimilation of an ex-inmate
of an institution with the mainstream society.
Bishop. M. Donna and Feld. C. Barry, ‘Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice’ 72001, In this book
author demonstrates a very in-depth and extensive view of the various causes of juvenile delinquency,
and also examines the extent of the success of juvenile justice system, in this book authors gives
panoramic details of the impact of serious youth crime, drug abuse, assault, robbery etc.
Tomer Aditya, Rethinking of Juvenile system in India8 2017, In this book author writes about
Juvenile Justice System in India and provides amount of information about existing provisions in the
juvenile justice system. In this there are number of research papers which highlights about the various
features of juvenile justice system which needs to give importance and proper attention as far as the
its functioning and utility is concerned. This study gives a very extensive knowledge about the juvenile
laws.
5
Mitra. L. Nripendra., ‘Juvenile Delinquency and Indian Justice, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi,1998
6
Bhattacharya Sunil. K.,2009, ‘Juvenile Justice: An Indian Scenario’ Regency, India
7Bishop. M. Donna and Feld. C. Barry and Juvenile,2001, ‘Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice ’Astral International Private Ltd., New
Delhi
8
Tomer Aditya, Rethinking of Juvenile system in India, New Delhi, Bharti Publications,2017,
Research Methodology
This research paper is based on exploratory type of research method moreover both primary and
secondary data collections tools have been applied in it. Interview schedule has been used to get
relevant information from the juveniles.
Hypothesis
This study includes two major hypotheses are given below:
1) Children from poor socio-economic background are more intended to be delinquent.
2) Juvenile Justice system in India is effective and adequate enough to rehabilitate Juveniles.
Sampling and Data collection method

As far as sampling and data collection tools are concerned the present study is both qualitative and
quantitative and therefore the of sources data collection adopted are from both primary and secondary
sources. As for the purpose of having information the secondary sources were first analysed, which
helped to understand the issue and also to formulate the questions in the form of questionnaire for the
study and then applied in the form of primary data. The secondary data tools used in this research study
was on the form of already existing published books, research articles, Journals, NGO Reports,
Websites tools or online portals, statistical data, blogs, newspaper articles etc.
These also include secondary information, including research articles and other data, field observation,
data generated by interrogating people through questionnaires. The questionnaire was taken between
year 2017-2020 by visiting to various juvenile homes/Observation Homes/Special Homes of Jabalpur
division of Madhya Pradesh State which is consists of the 8 districts i.e., Jabalpur, Katni. Narsinghpur,
Seoni, Chiindwada, Balaghat, Mandla and Dindori. In this study the interview was also taken by the
Juveniles (Total number of inmates N=41) of the various juvenile homes of Jabalpur division by census
method and randomly visiting of these Juvenile Homes. As part of the study researcher visited various
Juvenile Homes in the Jabalpur Division of Madhya Pradesh to gather data and information related to
Juveniles.
Data Analysis Tools and Techniques

This study is based on exploratory type of research and data collected through interview schedules and
a case study method as well as by all the secondary sources of data collection tools like internet
searches, content analysis, and various types of research articles and journals. In order to make best
possible result of data analysis researcher has adopted the latest version of the data analyst software
like SPSS, SAS etc. And these were shown in the form of pie chart. The accurate research analysed
qualitatively were followed by interpretation, generalisation and discussions of findings with
appropriate conclusion and recommendations.
Area of the study
The study area includes whole Jabalpur division of Madhya Pradesh in central India. For administrative
purposes States of our country are divided into divisions, Madhya Pradesh also has been divided into
10 divisions which are Bhopal, Gwalior, Narmapuram Division, Chambal, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa,
Sagar, Shahdol, and Ujjain. Division is further divided into districts for administrative purposes.The
Jabalpur division is consists of eight districts including Jabalpur, Balaghat, Chinndwara, Katni Mandla,
Narsinghpur ,Dindori and Seoni..This region is commonly known as Mahakousal region.
Significance of study
As far as the significance of this study is considered it would definitely help to understand the
loopholes and will explore more about the problems associated with Juvenile delinquency and pave a
way to understand much needed strategies to overcome issues related to rehabilitation of delinquents
to great extent.
Results and Discussions This portion of the paper focuses on the data gathered by respondents, after
discussing about the various aspects of Juvenile delinquency and rehabilitation activities and the used
research methodology in the present study researcher now examines the socio-economic information
and rehabilitation impact relating to inmates. Researcher has examined the most relevant questions as
per the objective of this paper and few important questions have been explored to get the appropriate
result of this research paper. The various objectives and research questions-based interview schedule
questions were prepared and all the research findings and analyses of the data collected have been
summarized as given below:
Figure1 Pie Chart: Data on question “Economics condition of your parents?” of Inmates
Figure 1 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “Economics condition of your
parents?” and to this question about 78% of the inmates said they belonged to middle class whereas
22 % of them belonged to very poor class. Thus, it could be very well analysed that majority of them
were from middle and poor socio background.
Figure 2 Pie Chart data on question “Did your parents were ever involved in any antisocial-
activities/crime?” of Inmates
Figure 2 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “Did your parents were ever
involved in any antisocial-activities/crime?” and to this question about 78% of the inmates said no
not at all that means their parents were not from anti-social background/criminal background whereas
14.6% of them said both mother and father were from criminal background, whereas about 4.9 % of
the Inmates said that only father was from criminal background and also about 2.4 % were all those
inmates who said that only mother was from such background. Thus, it could be very well analysed
that majority of them were from non-criminal background.
Figure 3 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on question “If, there were relatives who were nearer
to your house and engaged in illegal acts” of the Inmates
Figure 3 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “If, there were relatives who were
nearer to your house and engaged in illegal acts?” and to this question about 58.5% of the inmates
said yes, their relatives belonged to criminal background whereas 29.3% of them said that no their
relatives were not from illegal background whereas about 7.3 % of the Inmates said that they don’t
know about it or some other replies were there and also about 4.9% were all those inmates who didn’t
belonged to this category as such. Thus, it could be very well analysed that majority of them were
yes, their relatives nearer to your house and engaged in illegal acts.
Figure 4 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on question “How is the basic facilities and food etc.
are you satisfied with it?” of the Inmates
Figure 4 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “How is the basic facilities and food
etc. are you satisfied with it?” and to this question about 97.65 % of the inmates said yes, they are
satisfied with the basic facilities and food etc. are you satisfied with it whereas 2.4 % of them were
not satisfied with the basic facilities provided by the reformatory homes. Thus, it could be very well
analysed that majority of them were satisfied with the in these institutions as far as food or other
needs ate concerned.
Figure 5 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on question “How is the recreation and leisure time
activities here, how you spend your time?” of the Inmates
Figure 5 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “How is the recreation and leisure
time activities here, how you spend your time?” and to this question about 29.3 % of the inmates
said yes, they reading and learning whereas again 29.3% of them replied differently and other replies
whereas about 22 % of the Inmates said that they like music/dance/radio 17.1.% were all those
inmates said they liked to play with inmates’ friends. Thus, it could be very well analysed that
majority of them were interested to read and in learning.
Figure 6 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on question “Are you satisfied with the educational
activities and practices?” of the Inmates
Figure 6 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “Are you satisfied with the
educational activities and practices?” and to this question about 82.9% of the inmates said yes
they are satisfied with the various forms of educational activities and practices whereas 9.8% of them
said that no they are not very much satisfied with the education provided to them in these Juveniles
homes and extra- curricular activities related to education whereas about 2.4% of the Inmates said
that they don’t know about it and also about 4.9% were all those inmates who didn’t replied properly
to this question and were kept in the others category. Thus, it could be very well analysed that majority
of them were satisfied with the educational activities provided to them in these institutions.
Figure 7 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on question “Are you satisfied with vocational
activities and facilities provided in this institution? of the Inmates.
Figure 7 Pie Chart 7 shows the distribution of data on the question “Are you satisfied with vocational
activities and facilities provided in this institution? of Inmates and to this question about 92.7% of
the inmates said yes, they are satisfied with the various forms of vocational activities and facilities
whereas about 4.9% % of the Inmates said that they don’t know about it and also about 2.4% were
all those inmates who didn’t replied properly to this question and were kept in the others category.
Thus, it could be very well analysed that majority of them were satisfied with the vocational activities
and such other facilities provided to them in these institutions.
Figure 8 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on the question “Do you have positive impact of the
various reformatory programs? “Of the Inmates
Figure 8 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “Do you have positive impact of
the various reformatory programs?” “Of the Inmate of and to this question about 97.6% of the inmates
said yes, they had very positive effect on them, whereas 2.4 % of them said that no they are not very
much satisfied with the different rehabilitative activities. Thus, it could be very well analysed that
majority of them were satisfied with the rehabilitative activities provided to them in these institutions
and have very good and positive effect on them.
Figure 9 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on the question “Do you have positive impact of the
various reformatory programs? “Of the Inmates
Figure 9 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “Do you have positive impact of
the various reformatory programs?” “Of the Inmate of and to this question about 97.6% of the inmates
said yes, they had very positive effect on them, whereas 2.4 % of them said that no they are not very
much satisfied with the different rehabilitative activities. Thus, it could be very well analysed that
majority of them were satisfied with the rehabilitative activities provided to them in these institutions
and have very good and positive effect on them.
Figure 10 Pie Chart showing distribution of data on the question “What is your perception and
experience in this institution? “Of the Inmates
Figure 10 Pie Chart shows the distribution of data on the question “What is your perception and
experience in this institution?” “Of the Inmate and to this question about 80.5% of the inmates said
yes, they had very positive effect on them, whereas 2.4 % of them said that no they are not very much
satisfied with the different rehabilitative activities. Thus, it could be very well analysed that majority
of them were satisfied with the rehabilitative activities provided to them in these institutions and have
very good and positive effect on them.
Conclusion
This paper thus highlighted all about the descriptive data analysis related to the questions asked by
the Inmates and thus shows varied results, The various real stories and background of the inmates
shows that they were to great extent devoid of proper socialization and lack of school education,
destructive friendship etc. as most of them were school dropouts shows the essential requirement of
it in the overall positive development of the children. The crimes committed by them were in the form
of rape, murder, theft, dacoity etc. is really alarming situation of our fast-changing society and the
extent to which these had impacted the life of the inmates in very pathetic and pitiful. The primary
objective of Juvenile Justice system is to rehabilitate and restore the child delinquent to mainstream
society so as to make him live mentally and physically fit and well-equipped with good, healthy and
balanced mindset also rehabilitate and transform him fully in strength and vigour. For this various
type of rehabilitation programmes like conduiting education, skill development programmes are there
and for improving their mental health by yoga, physical exercises, special programs to prevent
substance abuse are there for the Juveniles. State governments look after these child care institutions
separately and also with support of NGOs to meet the funds required for the various child welfare
programs and keep glance over the various activities of NGOs which are part of non-governmental
child care Institutions through trained officials. As such coming to conclusion of this paper
considering the pitiful condition of delinquency in our nation preventive measures must be taken so
as to curb this problem and for this education and proper guidance must be given to the children to
avoid delinquency to large extent. And rehabilitation measures must be strongly followed to end this
problem completely.
References
1.Mitra. L. Nripendra., 1998 ‘Juvenile Delinquency and Indian Justice, Deep and Deep Publications,
New Delhi, India.
2.Bhattacharya Sunil. K.,2009, ‘Juvenile Justice: An Indian Scenario’ Regency, India
3.Tomer Aditya, 2017, Rethinking of Juvenile system in India, Bharti Publications, New Delhi.
4.Rathore Vaishali,’ 2019 ‘An Insight into Indian Justice System’ Notion Press Publication, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu.
5.Bishop. M. Donna and Feld. C. Barry,2001 ‘Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice ’Astral International
Private Ltd., New Delhi, India.
6.www.//vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/living-conditions-in-institutions-for-children-in-
conflict-with-law/objectives-and-approach-of-child-careinstitutions#:
~:text=A%20child%20care%20institution%20as, in%20need%20of%20such%20services (accessed
April 23, 2020).
7.www.cara.nic.in/PDF/revised%20ICPS%20scheme.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).
www.wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/SOP%20ON%20REHABILITATION%20OF%20CHILDREN%
20IN%20CONFLICT%20WITH%20THE%20LAW_0.pdf(accessed April 23, 2020).
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REHABILITATION STRATEGIES AND PREVENTION OF CHILD DELINQUENCY IN INDIA

REHABILITATION STRATEGIES AND PREVENTION OF CHILD DELINQUENCY IN

Bhawna Bhardwaj, Assistant Professor, Unitedworld School of Law, Karnavati University,

Juvenile Homes: Rehabilitation Process, Functioning and related Activities

Meaning and Definition of Child Care Institution

2 www.cara.nic.in/PDF/revised%20ICPS%20scheme.pdf(accessed April 25, 2021).

1. 1.Government of India (National Level) -Child Helpline Foundation/CARA/NIPCCD

Statement of the problem

Limitations and scope of the study

Sampling and Data collection method

Data Analysis Tools and Techniques

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