INFORMATION EDUCATION

COMMUNICATION
 INTRODUCTION
Information Education and communication is
the most important to bring about the
behavioral changes of the people. it is a broad
term it comprises of aproches,activities and
output .

Information => informing people

Education => Eructating people
Communication => Communicating with people
 INFORMATION

A Health information system is defined as “a

mechanism for the collection,procossing
analysis and transmission of information
required for organizing and operating heath
services and also for research and training
 EDUCATION

Educated is a process by which

behavioural changes takes place in an
individual as a result of experience
which he has undergone
 COMMUNICATION

Communication is the two – way process and

it is the main weapon to change the behavior
of the people. Communicating the problem
getting rid of the problem and classifying the
doubts of the people and finally change the
(knowledge , attitude behavior, practice)
 OBJECTIVES OF INFARMATION
EDUCATOIN COMMUNICATION
Improve the quality of services through
knowledge ,skill and development of workers.
Concentrate on focal field problems both
development and training .
Establish relationship between various levels and
elements.
Improve the perforermance level through
continuous interaction with village community.
 1 RESEARCH AND PLANNING
 Situational analysis
 Philosophy
 Examining the existing data
 Stratify the target group
 Develop the suitable message
 Ensure the participation and involvement of the
youth in designing the message and developing
the communication tools.
 IDENTIFICATION OF TARGET
GROUP

• The target group is identified for the

effective IEC activities, for Eg: AIDS,
youth in the school
youth out of the school, street
children and the university students,
 ESTABLISHMENT OF GOALS
• Delay sexual initiation
• Reduce the number of sexual partner
• Increase the use of condom
• Discuss the sexual matters openly
• Sexual counseling
• STD service
• Promote healthy lifestyle
 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES AND
MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT

• Linkage with the excisting organizational

structure and other organization
• Here that incase of youth collaboration with
educational authorities (E g . Ministry of
education women and child welfare)
• Nongovernmental organization and voluntary
organization also included in IEC activity
 ARRANGE SUPPORT DEVICES
• Arranging of the supporting devices
helpful for the supporting services for
target group is

• Counseling
• Condom distribution
• STD/health services
• Information services
• Advocasy
 CONDUCT TRAINING
• Effective training of manpower to improve their knowledge
• Long term measures

It includes the incorporation of IEC components in to the

curriculum for health related workers
 Short term measures
In-service training to the special group (Eg .health and relate
workers ,teachers,NGO’s,volunters,high risk population and
vulnerable group
 CONDUCT TARGETED
RESEARCH
Rapid research among specific target group by this we know the
needs of the target group and we know the
knowledge attitude and behaviour of the group for particular
problem.so we can formulate the effective material for effective
IEC activities.

• DESIGN AND PRESET THE TARGETED MESSAGE

Targeted message should be prepared and tested for a small
group and then its used for the large group of people
CHOSE APPROPRIATE MEDIA AND
CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
• Traditional media such as puppetary,songs
and interpersonal media such as flip
chart,flash cards.
• DEVELOP IEC MATERIAL
• IEC material consists of Radio or TV spots
booklets handout. Once the material are
developed they are carefully reviewed with
small groups selected from target group.
 UTILIZATION OF THE IEC
MATERIAL
• The material is prepared an planning effective
ways to make sure that materials reach their
target audience through that we can achieve
the effective utilization of the material
• MONITORING
• This is the process of collecting and analyzing
about implementation of the programme
• EVALUATION
• It is the process of effectiveness and impact of
the program for AIDS
 COMMUNICATION

• Communication deals with the transmission of

information or ideas are sharing and exchanging
• ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICAION
• Sender => message = > channel => receiver

____Feed back _____________

 SENDER
• Sender (or) encoder (or) communicator
is a person or device intending to
transmit information or generate a
massage
• His objectives clearly defined .
• He should use appropriate words .
• He should use correct message for the
transmission.
 MESSAGE
• A message is the information which the
communicator transmit to his audience form
of words, picture, or signs
• In line with the objectives
• Meaningful
• Based on the needs
• Clear and understandable
• Specific and accurate
• timely and adequate .
 RECEIVER
• He is the person who receivers or shares the
message sent by the sender. The receiver
understand the message in its correct in text .
• CHANNEL; channel is the medium through
which the message is transmitted such as
Visual,auditary,
• FEEDBACK; It is the response and reaction
received by the sender with information about
the receivers interpretation of the message.
 LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

INTERPERSONAL
LEVEL

• LEVELS OF

COMMUNICATION

INTRAPERSONAL
LEVEL
 INTERPERSONAL LEVEL

Downward
Upward
com
com

Horizontal Organizational
com com
 INTRAPERSONAL LEVEL
• In this type of communication the message sent to
oneself come under this level (Eg , Talking to self or
communication with oneself )
• One – way communication=>( eg ) giving lecture in a
classroom,
• Two – way communication=> discussion in a group
asking and answering question ,
• Multi – way communication => free discussion among,
the people
• Direct communication =>Face to face communication
• Inelirrect-way of communication => this is the mediated
communication
CHANNEAL OF COMMUNICATION

(Interpersonal ) ( Massmedia )

( Channels of communication )

( Fork meclia or traditional )

 INTERPELSONAL
INTERPERSONAL

The most common channels of

communication is the interpersonal or
face to face communication ,Being
personal and direct it is the more
effective way of communication from
otters.
 MASS MEDIA
• The channel is one or more of the
following of mass media is TV, Radio,
printed media etc..media have the
advantage of reaching relatively larger
population in a shorter time, and it is the
one-way channel of communication
 FOLK MEDIA
• Every community has its own network of
traditional or folk media such as folk
dance, song and dramas. These are the
important channels of communication
close to the cultural values of the rural
population.
BARRIERS OF COMMUNCATION
BARRIERS OF COMMUNCATION
( Barriers of communication )

Physiological

Psychological

environmental

Cultural

Technical
 CRUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATION OF
INFORMATION
• Preparation Capability of audience
• delivery Accuracy
• Feedback
• Control
• Identication
• Credibility
• Control
• Context
• Clarity
• Continuity and consistency
• Channel
 INFORMATION
A health information system is defined as “a mechanism
of collection, processing, analyzing and transmission
of information required for organizing and operating
health services and also for research.

 OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH INFORMATION

 Provide health information about the relevant data.
 Provide sharing of technical information about health
services.
 Assist the planners in studying their functioning and
trends in health services.
 USES OF HEALTH INFORMATION
• To measure the health status of the people and
quantity of health problem and medical health
care needs
• For planning administration of effective
management of health service
• Assessing health services in terms of effectiveness
• Assessing the attitude and degree of satisfaction
of beneficiaries with health system
• For research in to the particular problem .
 COMPONENTS OF HEALTH
INFORMATION
• The health information system composed of several
subheadings.
• Demography and vital events.
• Environmental health events
• Health status morbidity mortality disability
• and quality of life.
• Utilization and non-utilization of the health services
• Outcome of the medical care
• Financial statistics related to the particular objective
• Health status of the overall group of people
 SOURCES OF HEALTH
INFORMATION
• Census
• Registration of vital events
• Sample registration system
• Notification of disease
• Hospital records
• Disease register
• Record linkage
• Epidemiological surveillance
• Other health service records
• Environmental health data
• Health manpower statistics
• Population survey
 CENSUS
• Census is an important source of health
information by united nation as “the
total process of collecting comparing and
publishing demographic ,economic and
social data pertaining at a specified time
to all persons in a country
 REGISTRATION OF VITAL EVENTS
• The united nations defined as the vital
events as legal registration, statistical
recording ,presentation , analysis and
distribution of statistics pertaining to
vital events like live births, deaths, fetal
death .
 SAMPLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM
• It was initiated in 1960 to provide valuable
estimation of birth and death rate at national
and state level
NOTIFICATION OF DISEASES At the
international level the following diseases are
notifiable to WHO in Geneva.(cholera ,plaque,
yellow fever and other relapsing fever polio
influenza , malaria , rabies , salmonellosis.
 HOSPITAL RECORDS
• Hospital data constitute a basic and primary
source of disease prevalence in the country

DISEASE REGISTER
Register is a permanent record for Eg: morbidity
register are a valuable source of information
as to the duration of illness case fatality and
survival
 RECORD LINKAGE
• The term record linkage is used to describe the
process of bringing together records relating to
one individual or to one family
EPIDERMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
In many countries where particular diseases are
endemic special control \eradication program has
been instituted for Eg: national disease control
program against malaria , Tb, leprasy,filariasis,as
a part of these program surveillance system are
often setup to control the disease
Eg:immunization program
 OTHER HEALTH SERVICE RECORD
• Record of hospital, out patient department,
primary health center,subcenter ,polyclinic ,
mother and child health center , school health
centers provide information about mortality and
morbidity
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DATA
This provide data on various aspects of air,
water,noice pollution , food adulteration
industrial toxins, waste disposal these helpful in
identification and quantification of factors
causation of diseases.
 HEALTH MANPOWER STATISTICS
• This provide information about the number of
physician , nurses , pharmacist , medical technicians
and hospitals etc.
• These records are maintained by state medical and
nursing council
POPULATION SURVEY
A health information system is based on the population .
The populations survey methods are
1.Health interview
2.Health examination survey
3.Health record survey
4.Questionarie survey
 HEALTH EDUCATION

• Definition; Health education is the part of health care

that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior by WHO
• OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

• Encourage the people to adopt and sustain health

promoting life style
• Arose interest
• and provide new knowledge improve skill and change
attitude
• Stimulate the individual and community participation to
achieve health development.
MODELS OF HEALTH EDUCATION

MOTIVATION
MODAL

MEDICAL
MODAL

SOCIAL
INTERVENTION
MODAL
 PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
EDUCATION
• Credibility; Good health education is based on
the facts, which means it must be consistent and
Compatible with scientific knowledge.
• Interest; It is psychological principle that people
are unlikely to listen to those things which are
not their interest.
• Participation; A high degree of participation
creates sense of involvement, personal
acceptance and decision making.
• Motivation; This is the fundamental desire in
every person for learning
• Comprehension; It is essential to know the
level of understanding, education and literacy
of the people and language should be
understandable by the people
• Reinforcement; Repetition is necessary, if the
message is repeated in different ways people
more likely to remember it.
• Learning by doing; When the learning takes
place by doing the level of understanding is
improved.
• Known to unknown; We usually start from where
the people are and what they understand and
then proceed to new knowledge
• Setting an example; The health educator should
set a goal sample in the topic
• Good human relation; Sharing ideas and feeling
happen most easily between people who have a
good relationship.
• Feedfack;For effective communication feedback
is important so that educators can modify the
elements of the system.
• Leaders; They are the agents of change and they
can be made use of in health education.
METHODS OF HEALTH INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATION

Methods

Individual Approach

Group Approach

Mass Approach
 INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
• The are plenty of opportunities for individual
health education . It may be given in personal
interview in the consultation room of the
doctor or in health centre. or in the houses of
the people, education done in diet nature of
illness and it is prevention.
 LECTURE
• Lecture may be defined as carefully
prepared oral presentation of facts , organized
thoughts and ideas by a qualified person
• Demonstration; It is a carefully prepared
presentation to show how to perform a skill
or practice procedure, they are carried out
Step by step before an audience or the target
group.
 GROUP DISCUSSION
• A group of people interacting in a face to face
situation and discuss about the particular
problem and this is the effective way of
communication.
• PANAL DISCUSSION;A group of four or more
persons who have the special knowledge
about the topic sit at the table in front of the
audience and the panel members discuss
about the problem and current status.
 SYMBOSIUM
• A Symposium is a series of speakers usually two to
five members of experts speaks about the selected
subject under the direction of a chairman, each
person present an aspect of subject.
• WORKSHOP; It is a group of twelve or more persons
with a common interest or problem, usually
professional or vocational meet together for a
extended period of time to improve their knowledge ,
ability or understanding by study and research.
 ROLEPLAYING

• Role playing or social drama is based on the

assumption that many values in a situation
cannot be expressed in words.
• CONFERENCE; The categories contains a
large components of continuing education,
they gather information discuss mutual
problems with a reasonable solution as the
desirable end.
 MASS APPROACH
• Mass media covers the very large
group for health education. It is a
one way communication by
television, radio. internet
newspaper, printed material.
CONCLUSION