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    Probability: Mathematics For Computer Science - III Mathematics For Computer Science - III

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    Saketh Maddamsetty
    The document discusses various probability problems and concepts that will be covered in the Probability for Computer Science course, including problems related to dice, letters and envelopes, coins, shadow area of convex bodies, and a Google recruitment problem. The aim of the course is to equip students with probability theory tools from a computer science perspective and cover the necessary background for machine learning, randomized algorithms, and other related courses. Examples are provided to illustrate key probability concepts and spark students' interest in probability theory.

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    Probability: Mathematics For Computer Science - III Mathematics For Computer Science - III

    Uploaded by

    Saketh Maddamsetty
    53 views19 pages
    The document discusses various probability problems and concepts that will be covered in the Probability for Computer Science course, including problems related to dice, letters and envelopes, coins, shadow area of convex bodies, and a Google recruitment problem. The aim of the course is to equip students with probability theory tools from a computer science perspective and cover the necessary background for machine learning, randomized algorithms, and other related courses. Examples are provided to illustrate key probability concepts and spark students' interest in probability theory.

    Original Title

    CS203-Lecture-1-Warmup

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    The document discusses various probability problems and concepts that will be covered in the Probability for Computer Science course, including problems related to dice, letters and envelopes, coins, shadow area of convex bodies, and a Google recruitment problem. The aim of the course is to equip students with probability theory tools from a computer science perspective and cover the necessary background for machine learning, randomized algorithms, and other related courses. Examples are provided to illustrate key probability concepts and spark students' interest in probability theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views19 pages

    Probability: Mathematics For Computer Science - III Mathematics For Computer Science - III

    Uploaded by

    Saketh Maddamsetty
    The document discusses various probability problems and concepts that will be covered in the Probability for Computer Science course, including problems related to dice, letters and envelopes, coins, shadow area of convex bodies, and a Google recruitment problem. The aim of the course is to equip students with probability theory tools from a computer science perspective and cover the necessary background for machine learning, randomized algorithms, and other related courses. Examples are provided to illustrate key probability concepts and spark students' interest in probability theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Probability for Computer Science - III

    Mathematics
    CS203

    Lecture 1

    1
    Aim of the course
    • To equip the students with tools of probability theory from
    perspective of computer science.

    • To cover necessary background of probability theory for


    courses like Machine Learning, Randomized Complexity,
    Randomized algorithms.

    • Bigger aim: To make sure every student gets a glimpse of the


    beautiful world of probability theory so that he/she becomes
    a fan of probability theory.

    2
    A PARADOX

    Chord and an equilateral triangle

    3
    Chord and an equilateral triangle
    C

    A B

    • A chord is picked randomly.


    • What is the probability that its length is more than the length of AB in the triangle?

    4
     
    =
    Answer 1
    C

    A B

    Fact 1: Length of a chord is uniquely defined by its two endpoints.

    Pick the endpoints of the chord randomly


    5
     
    =
    Answer 2
    C

    A B

    Fact 2: Length of a chord is uniquely defined if we know the center of the chord.

    Pick the center of the chord randomly.


    6
     
    =
    Answer 3
    C
    Which answer is correct ?

    A B

    Fact 3: Length of a chord is uniquely defined if we know its distance from the center of circle.

    Pick the distance of the chord from center randomly


    7
    A PROBLEM FROM JEE DAYS

    3-dices

    8
    3-dices

    Step 1: 3 dices are thrown.


    Step 2: 3 dices are thrown again.

    Question: What is the probability that both outcomes are identical


    (1) If the dices are distinguishable.  𝟏
    𝟐𝟏𝟔
    (2) If the dices are in-distinguishable. 𝟖𝟑
     
    𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖
    9
    A NEW PROBLEM

    Letters and envelopes

    10
    Letters and envelopes
     𝟏
    •     =
    𝟐
     𝟏
      =
    𝟑

    • There are letters  𝟑


      =
    𝟖
    • There are envelopes with distinct addresses written on them.
    • Each letter is meant for a unique envelope.

    Letters are assigned randomly uniformly to the envelopes, one by one.


    Question:
    What is the probability that no letter is delivered to its correct address ?

      Homework: Try to find solution for a generic .


    11
    A CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY PROBLEM

    5-Coins

    12
    5-Coins
    Ponder over these
    • 2 normal coins
    questions and answers
    • 2 coins with HEAD on both sides with fresh mind .
    • 1 coins with TAIL on both sides
    A coin is picked randomly uniformly
    The coin is tossed.
     𝟑
    Question: What is probability that outcome of toss is HEAD ?
    𝟓
    The outcome is

    The same coin is tossed again.


     𝟓
    Question: What is probability that outcome of toss is HEAD ? 𝟔
    The outcome is

    The same coin is tossed again.


     𝟗 13
    Question: What is probability that outcome of toss is HEAD ? 𝟏𝟎
    A SURPRISING PROBLEM

    Area of shadow

    14
    A convex body

    Definition:
    A 3-D body is said to be convex if for each pair of points on the body,
    all the points lying on the line joining them also lie inside the body.

    15
    A convex body

    Definition:
    A 3-D body is said to be convex if for each pair of points on the body,
    all the points lying on the line joining them also lie inside the body.

      Sphere surface area :


    Does it hold true
    for any convex
    body as well ?   Ratio =

    yes   Shadow surface area :

    16
    A convex body

    •  
    Definition:
    A 3-D body is said to be convex if for each pair of points on the body,
    all the points lying on the line joining them also lies inside the body.

    Does this theorem have


    anything to do with
    probability theory ?
    Theorem:
    Consider any convex body of surface area .
    It is always possible to orient it such that its shadow is of area at least .

    Proof: based on elementary probability theory.


    17
    RECRUITMENT PROBLEM

    Google USA visits IITK for recruitment …

    18
    •
    • There
    •
    are applicants aspirant for the Google USA.
     They are arranged in a uniformly random permutation.
    AIM of Google: To hire the best applicant

    Constraints:
    • Only by taking an interview, the applicant can be evaluated.
    • Each applicant must be told the result (job offered/rejected)
    immediately after the interview.

    Assumption:
    There is a total order on the suitability of the applicants for the job.

    Design a strategy for the recruitment.


    19

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