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    Spotters-Mlt Paper-1: Dr.S.Rashmi Dept of Biochemistry

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    Samuvelraj
    This document provides information on laboratory safety, equipment, procedures, calculations, and instruments. It discusses hazards in the laboratory, safety equipment, processes to prepare reagent grade water, tests to check water purity, formulas for converting units and calculating values like anion gap, methods for disposal of biomedical waste, features of abnormal electrolyte patterns, uses of instruments like centrifuges and electrophoresis, and the purpose of standard curves.

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    Spotters-Mlt Paper-1: Dr.S.Rashmi Dept of Biochemistry

    Uploaded by

    Samuvelraj
    466 views22 pages
    This document provides information on laboratory safety, equipment, procedures, calculations, and instruments. It discusses hazards in the laboratory, safety equipment, processes to prepare reagent grade water, tests to check water purity, formulas for converting units and calculating values like anion gap, methods for disposal of biomedical waste, features of abnormal electrolyte patterns, uses of instruments like centrifuges and electrophoresis, and the purpose of standard curves.

    Original Title

    Spotters MLT-paper 1(1)

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    This document provides information on laboratory safety, equipment, procedures, calculations, and instruments. It discusses hazards in the laboratory, safety equipment, processes to prepare reagent grade water, tests to check water purity, formulas for converting units and calculating values like anion gap, methods for disposal of biomedical waste, features of abnormal electrolyte patterns, uses of instruments like centrifuges and electrophoresis, and the purpose of standard curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    466 views22 pages

    Spotters-Mlt Paper-1: Dr.S.Rashmi Dept of Biochemistry

    Uploaded by

    Samuvelraj
    This document provides information on laboratory safety, equipment, procedures, calculations, and instruments. It discusses hazards in the laboratory, safety equipment, processes to prepare reagent grade water, tests to check water purity, formulas for converting units and calculating values like anion gap, methods for disposal of biomedical waste, features of abnormal electrolyte patterns, uses of instruments like centrifuges and electrophoresis, and the purpose of standard curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    SPOTTERS-MLT

    PAPER-1
    DR.S.RASHMI
    DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
    1
    • What are the different types of hazards in the laboratory?
    • Biological,
    • chemical,
    • electrical,
    • Fire,
    • Compressed gases/ volatiles
    2
    • Mention few special safety equipments used in lab for personal safety
    • Eye wash /face wash stations,
    • safety showers,
    • safety goggles,
    • heat resistant gloves
    3
    • Mention some processes to prepare reagent grade water
    • Distillation,ion exchange, reverse osmosis, UV oxidation

    • Uses of different grades of water


    • Type 1-lab testing requiring accuracy
    • Type 2-general lab testing
    • Type 3-glassware washing
    4
    • Maximum time limit to do water purity testing, from the time of
    production
    • 1 week

    • 4 Tests done to check purity of reagent grade water


    • pH,resistivity, microbiological content, soluble silica
    5
    • Convert the following
    • BUN (Blood urea nitrogen)value of 6mg/dl into Blood urea levels

    • Ans:B.Urea=12.8 mg/dl
    • Mention the Formula
    • BUNx2.14=Blood urea (molecular weight of urea(60)/mol.wt of
    nitrogen in it(28)=2.14)
    6
    • Total proteins=8 g/dl
    • S.Albumin=3.2 g/dl
    • Find out the serum globulin levels
    • Ans:4.8 g/dl

    • What is the A/G (albumin/globulin ratio)


    • Ans:3.2/4.8 = 0.66
    7
    • Calculate the anion gap
    • Na+=140 mEq/L
    • K+= 4 mEq/L
    • Cl- =114 mEq/L
    • HCO3- =18 mEq/L

    • Formula=([Na+] + [K+]) - ([Cl-] - [HCO3-])


    • Ans=(140+4)-(114+18)=12 (normal anion gap)
    8
    • What are the types of biomedical wastes put in yellow bin?
    • Anatomical waste, body parts

    • What are the methods of disposal for waste sharps?


    • Autoclaving/ dry heat sterilisation
    9
    • What is the normal pH of plasma?
    • 7.35-7.45

    • Mention the acid-base disorders


    • Respiratory and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
    10
    • Blood pH-7.54(Normal-7.35-7.45),pCO2-20 mmHg (Normal-40mmHg)
    • Identify the diagnosis

    • Respiratory alkalosis
    11
    • Define buffer
    • Buffers resist changes in pH when acid/alkali is added

    • Name few body fluid buffers


    • Bicarbonate,phosphate,protein buffer systems
    12
    • Most predominant buffer in extracellular fluid
    • Bicarbonate buffer system

    • Which amino acid group is mostly involved with buffering capacity of


    proteins (like Hb)?
    • Histidine imidazole group
    13
    • Mention few proteins in the beta region of electrophoresis
    • Beta lipoproteins,transferrin

    • Mention few proteins in the alpha-2 region of electrophoresis


    • Alpha 2 macroglobulin,ceruloplasmin
    14
    • Identify the features of electrophoretic pattern in nephrotic syndrome

    • Reduced albumin band


    • Increased alpha-2 band
    15
    • Identify the features of electrophoretic pattern in chronic liver disease

    • Reduced albumin band


    • Increased globulins
    16
    • Identify the instrument
    • Centrifuge

    • Mention 2 uses
    • Separation of cellular components
    • Isolating DNA,RNA,lipids,viruses
    17
    • Identify the instrument
    • Electrophoresis

    • Mention 2 uses
    • Separation of proteins/
    • DNA/RNA
    • Molecular weight determination of proteins
    18
    • Identify the instrument
    • Chromatography chamber

    • Mention 2 uses
    • Identification & Separation of amino acids
    • /carbohydrates,DNA
    • Drugs and toxins separation
    19
    • Why do we use standard curves in lab?
    • To determine the quantity of unknown substances using another
    substance that is easily measured

    • Mention few substances we commonly measure using


    standardisation?
    • Glucose, urea, creatinine, protein
    20
    • Convert glucose value of 5.5 mmol/L into mg/dl

    • Ans: 100mg/dl
    • Conversion factor:mmol/L into mg/dl-multiply by 18
    • mg/dl into mmol/L- divide by 18

    • (Mol.wt glucose-180;
    • mmol/L=(mg/dlx10)/mol.wt)
    • mmol/L=(mg/dlx10)/180
    • so mmol/L=mg/dl/18 and vice versa

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