RATIO & PROPORTION

S.S.HARICHANDAN
 Introduction:
Ratio: The comparison
between two or more
things of the same kind is
known as ratio.

It is always expressed in
its lowest term.
Example
What is the ratio of Rs50
and Rs100 ?
 SOME IMPORTANT FACTORS OF
RATIO:

The ratio of a & b = a:b.

( Where a is known as
antecedent and b is known
as consequent)
Duplicate ratio:
Duplicate ratio means
square of the ratio.
So duplicate ratio of a & b
= a2:b2.
Example:
What is the duplicate ratio
of 2:3?
SUB-DUPLICATE RATIO
Sub- duplicate ratio means
square root of the ratio.
So sub-duplicate ratio of a
& b = √a : √b
Example:
What is the sub-duplicate
ratio of 4:9?
TRIPLICATE RATIO
Triplicate ratio means
cube of the ratio.
So triplicate ratio of a & b
= a3:b3
Example
What is the triplicate ratio
of 2:3?
SUB-TRIPLICATE RATIO
Sub- triplicate ratio means
cube root of the ratio.
So sub-triplicate ratio of a
& b =3√a : 3√b
Example:
What is the sub-triplicate
ratio of 8:27?
INVERSE/ RECIPROCAL
RATIO:
Inverse or reciprocal ratio is
the ratio of the reciprocal of
the given terms.
So Inverse or reciprocal
ratiovbetween a & b = b:a
Example:
What is the inverse ratio ob
2:3?
COMPOUND RATIO:
Compound ratio of a:b, c:d, e:f
= ( a) * c * e
b*d * f

It is the product of antecedents

divided by the product of
consquents.
Example
What is the compound ratio of 2:3,
3:4, 5:6?
CONSTANT RATIO
The ratio of a & b = ratio
between ax and bx.

(N:B: If we multiply same

number with both parts of
ratio there is no change)
 SOME IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS OF
RATIO:
If a: b is 6:7 and b:c is 8:9,
find the value of a:b:c.
If a: b is 2:3 , b:c is 4:5 and
c:d is 6:7, find the value of
a:b:c:d.
If 3a = 4b = 5c, find the
value of a:b:c.
PROPORTION:
The equality of two ratios is known as
Proportion.
If a:b = c:d, then they are said to be in
proportion.
Here a & d are known as extremes and b &
c are known as means.
So after the cross multiplication it is a*d =
b* c.
That means product of extremes = product
of means.
Example:
If 2:3 = 8:x, find the value of x.
QUESTION:1
If 33.33% of a number is equal
to two-third of another
number, what is the ratio of
first number to the second
number?
(a)1: 2
(b)2: 1
(c)2: 3
(d) 3: 2
Question:2
In a bag, there are coins of 50
p, 25 p and 10 p in the ratio of
2: 3: 4. If there is Rs. 43 in all,
how many 10 p coins are
there?
(a)40
(b)60
(c)80
(d)100
Question:3
The ratio of number of boys and
girls in a class is 4: 3. In the 1st
semester exam 25% of boys and
33.33% of girls get more than or
equal to 80% marks. What
percentage of students gets less
than 80% marks?
(a) 70%
(b) 71.42%
(c) 72%
(d)75%
Question:4
In a mixture of 70litres, milk and
water are in the ratio 27: 8. How
much more water is to be added to
get a new mixture containing milk
and water in the ratio 3:1?
(a) 1litre
(b)2litres
(c)2.5litres
(d)3litres
Question:5
The ratio between milk & water is
3:4. If 12liters of water is added the
ratio between milk & water
becomes 1:2. Find the total
quantity of the original mixture.
(a)36liters
(b)42liters
(c)49liters
(d)56liters
Question:6
The telephone bill of a certain residence is
party fixed and partly varies as the number
of calls consumed. When in a certain
month 300 calls made the bill is Rs.450. In
another month 350 calls are consumed
then the bill becomes Rs.550. In another
month 250 units are consumed due to
more holidays. The bill for that month
would be:
(a)Rs.300
(b) Rs.350
(c) Rs375
(d) Rs.400
Question:7
The seats in an Engineering college for
branches i.e. Computer science,
electronics and Mechanical are in the ratio
of 4: 5:6. If there is a proportion to
increase these seats by 20%, 25% and
66.66% respectively, then what will be the
ratio of increased seats?
(a) 200: 125: 96
(b) 96: 125: 200
(c) 96: 200: 125
(d) 4:5:8
Question:8
The ratio of the cost prices of two
articles A and B is 4:5.The articles
are sold at a profit with their selling
prices being in the ratio 6:7.If the
profit on article A is 20% of its cost
price, find the ratio of the profits on
the articles A and B?
(a) 1:1 (b) 2:3
(c) 3: 4 (d) 4:3
Question:9
The contents of two vessels
containing water and milk are in the
ratio 2:3 and 3:5 are mixed in the
ratio 2:3. The resulting mixture will
have water and milk in the ratio-
(a)13:21
(b)13:22
(c)4:7
(d)12:21
Question:10
Ajay, Bijay, Chinmaya and Dhananjaya
bought a motorbike for Rs1, 20, 000. Ajay
paid half of the sum of the amounts paid
by the other boys, Bijay paid one-third of
the sum of the amount paid by the other
boys; and Chinmaya paid one-fourth of the
sum of the amounts paid by the other
boys. How much Dhananjaya did have to
pay?
A.Rs30000 B. Rs26000
C.Rs34000 D.Rs36000
Question:11
In a particular country where
monogamy was a law, if 3/5th of the
men were married to 2/3rd of the
women, then what fraction of the
adult persons were married?
A.4:9
B.3:4
C.9:10
D.12/19
Question:12
The ratio of the incomes of A & B is
4:5 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 7:9 respectively. If
both of them save Rs4000 each find
the income of A.
(a)Rs28000
(b)Rs32000
(c)Rs36000
(d)Rs40000
Question:13
The ratio of the incomes of A & B is
3:4 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 4:5 respectively. If
A saves Rs3000 and B saves
Rs6000 find the income of A.
(a)Rs24000
(b)Rs27000
(c)Rs30000
(d)Rs36000
Question:14
A dealer buys dry fruits at Rs100,
Rs80 & Rs60 per kilogram. He
mixes them in the ratio 3:4:5 by
weight, and sells at a profit of 50%.
At what price per kilogram does he
sell the dry fruit?
A. Rs80
B. Rs95
C. Rs105
D. Rs115
Question:15
One bottle is half-full of oil and another
bottle with twice the capacity is one
quarter full of oil. If water is added so that
both the bottles are full and the contents
of both are then poured into a third bottle
that is empty and large enough to hold the
contents of both, what fractions of the
contents in the third bottle is oil?
A. 1/4 B.1/3
C.3/8 D.2/3
Question:16
1 kg of cashews costs Rs. 400
and 1 kg of walnuts costs Rs.
250. If a mixture of cashews
and walnuts is Rs. 300 per kg,
then what fraction of the total
mixture are walnuts?
(a)1/2 (b)1/3
(c)1/4 (d)2/3
Question:17
In a mixture of 40litres of
bleach solution, there is 25%
of bleach. Extra bleach is
added to it to make it to 50%
bleach solution. Then how
much water should to be
added further to bring it back
to 25% bleach solution?
A.10litres B.20litres
C.30litres D.60litres
Question:18
If a mixture of 20litres of
solution there is 15% of
chlorine, then how much
water must be added in
order to create a 5%
chlorine solution?
(a)10litres (b)20litres
(c)30litres (d)40litres
Question:19
A certain recipe calls for
2kgs of sugar for every
4kgs of flour. If 30kgs of
this sweet has to be
prepared, how much sugar
is required?
(a)5kg (b)10kg
(c)12kg (d)15kg
Question:20
In a library the ratio of English
books to Mathematics books, is the
same as the ratio of Mathematics
books to Science book. If there are
1000 books on English and 1500
books on Mathematics, find the
number of Science books.
(a)1200 (b)1500
(c)2000 (d)2250
Question:21
Divide $225 into three parts
such that second part is 1/3 of
the third part and the ratio
between the first and the third
part is 3: 4. Find third part.
(a) $36 (b) $108
(c)$81 (d) $120
Question:22
The ratio between the number of
sheep and buffalo in a farm is 4:5. If
each of buffalo is fed 90 ounces of
buffalo food per day and the farm
needs a total 18000 ounces of
buffalo food per day. What is
number sheep in the form?
(a)140 (b)160
(c)180 (d)200
Question:23
Amit, Rohit & Sumit have some books with
each of them. Four times the number of
books with Rohit equals five times the
number of books with Amit while four
times the number of books with Amit
equals five times the number of books
with Sumit. What is the minimum number
of books that can be there with all three of
them put together?
(a)31 (b)61
(c)122 (d) 131
Question:24
The ratio of the angles of a triangle
is 5: 12: 13. The three angles of a
quadrilateral are equal to three
angles of this triangle. What is the
sum of the largest angle and
second smallest angle of the
quadrilateral?
(a) 225 0 (b)252 0
(c) 262 0 (d)272 0
Question:25
A company requires 11900
employees. Present
employees are 300 ladies and
4800 gents. To reach the
target how many ladies
required maintaining the same
ratio?
(a)400 (b) 500
(c) 600 (d) 700
Question:26
In a cinema hall, the ratio between
the seats of first class, second
class & third class is 3:4:5 and the
cost per ticket is in the ratio 5:4:3
respectively. If the total collection
amount is Rs9200 and the price of
a first class ticket is Rs50, then
what is the number of seats of third
class?
(a)40 (b)60
(c)80 (d)100
Question:27
A wheel that has 8 cogs is
meshed with a larger wheel of
12 cogs. When the smaller
wheel has made 15
revolutions, then the number
of revolutions made by the
larger wheel is?
(a) 8 (b) 10
(c) 9 (d) 112
Question:28
A man spent Rs. 950 in buying
trouser at Rs. 150 each and
shirt at Rs. 100 each. What will
be the ratio of trouser and
shirt when the maximum
number of trouser is
purchased?
(a)1:3 (b) 3:1
(c) 5:2 (d)2:3
Question:29
In an examination, a candidate
secured 512 marks out of the
maximum mark of 'X'. If the
maximum mark 'X' is
converted into 700 marks, he
would have secured 448
marks. What is the value of
‘X’?
(a)750 (b) 800
(c) 850 (d)900
Question:30
80litres of diesel is required to
travel 800 km using a 800 cc
engine. If the volume of diesel
required to cover a distance varies
directly as the capacity of the
engine, then how many liters of
diesel is required to travel 1000kms
using 1200 cc engine?
(a) 120 lit (b) 124.8 lit
(c) 150 lit (d) 156 lit
Question:31
A sum is divided among A, B
and C in such a way that for
each rupee A gets, B gets 75
paisa and C gets 50 paisa. If
the share of B is Rs. 36, what
is the total amount?
(a) Rs. 180 (b) Rs. 112
(c)Rs. 144 (d)Rs. 108
Question:32
If 5 men and 2 women working
together can do three times as
much work per hour as a man
and a woman together? Find
the ratio of the work done by a
man and that of a woman for a
given time?
(a)1: 2 (b) 2: 1
(c)3: 1 (d) 1: 3
Question:33
Two solutions have milk &
water in the ratio 5:4 and 7:2.
In what proportion these two
solutions should be mixed so
that the resulting solution has
2 parts milk and 1 part water?
(a) 1: 1 (b) 1: 2
(c) 2: 3 (d) 3: 4
Question:34
In a kiddy bank, the ratio between the
number of 50p & 1 rupee coin is 1:2. In
another kiddy bank there are only 50p & 1
rupee coin. If half of the amount from the
second kiddy bank is transferred in to first
kiddy bank, the number of 50p & 1 rupee
coins becomes equal. What is the
minimum amount in both the kiddy banks
together?
(a)Rs4.50 (b)Rs5.00
(c)Rs5.50 (d)Rs6.50
Question:35
In a fort, there are 800 soldiers. If
each soldier consumes 3 kg per
day, the provisions available in the
fort will last for 24 days. If some
more soldiers join, the provisions
available will last for 20 days given
each soldier consumes 2 kg per
day. Find the number of soldiers
joining the fort in that case?
(a) 300 (b)320
(c) 480 (d) 640
Question:36
The wages of laborers in a
factory increases in the ratio
18:23 and there was a
reduction in the number of
laborers in the ratio 19:10.
Find the original wage bill if
the present bill is Rs. 4600?
(a) Rs. 5600 (b) Rs. 6000
(c)Rs. 6480 (d) Rs. 6840
Question:37
A paint needs to be thinned to a ratio of 3
parts paint to 2 parts water. The painter
has by mistake added water so that he has
12litres of paint which is half water and
half paint. What must he add to make the
proportions of the mixture correct?
(a) 2 liter paint
(b) 3 liter paint
(c) 1 liter water and 1 liter paint
(d) ½ liter paint and one liter water
Question:38
A child has three different kinds of
chocolates costing Rs.5, Rs.10, and
Rs20. He spends total Rs150 on
the chocolates. What is the
minimum possible number of
chocolates he can buy, if there
must be at least one chocolate of
each kind?
(a)8 (b) 10
(c)12 (d) 15
Question:39
Rs.432 is divided amongst three
workers A, B and C such that 8
times A's share is equal to 12 times
B's share which is equal to 6 times
C's share. How much did A get?
(a)Rs.192
(b)Rs.133
(c)Rs.144
(d)Rs.128
Question:40
The monthly salaries of two
persons are in the ratio of 4:7.
If each receives an increase of
Rs.50 in the salary, the ratio is
altered to 3: 5. Find their
respective salaries.
(a) Rs300 and Rs400 (b)Rs250
and Rs450 (c)Rs360 and
Rs600 (d)Rs400 and Rs700
Question:41
Equal amounts of water were
poured in to two empty jars of
different capacities, which made
one jar 1/5th full and the other 1/4th
full. If the water in the jar with the
lesser capacity is then poured in to
the jar with the greater capacity,
what fraction of the larger jar will
be filled with water?
(a)1/7 (b) 2/5
(c) ½ (d)7/12
Question:42
The ratio of the previous year’s
prices of A and B is 3:2.The ratio of
the previous year’s price and
present price of A is 2:3 and B is
2:5.If the combined present price of
A and B is 19lakhs, find the
previous year’s price of A.
(a) 5lakhs (b)6lakhs
(c) 3.6lakhs (d)4lakhs
Question:43
A sample of x liters from a
container having a 40litre mixture
of milk and water containing milk
and water in the ratio of 2: 3 is
replaced with pure milk so that the
container will have milk and water
in equal proportions. What is the
value of x?
(a)4litres (b)8litres
(c)12litres (d)24litres
Question:44
Three friends Arun, Varun and
Tarun divide Rs895 amongst them
in such a way that if Rs10, Rs15
and Rs20 are removed from the
sums that Arun, Varun and Tarun
received respectively, then the
share of the sums that they got will
be in the ratio of 10: 11: 13. How
much did Tarun receive?
(a) Rs320 (b)Rs325
(c) Rs345 (d) Rs355
Question:45
20 liters of mixture contains
milk and water in the ratio
5:3.If 4 liters of this mixture be
replaced by 4 liters of milk,
the ratio of milk to water in the
new mixture would be
(a)2:1 (b)7:3
(c)8:3 (d)4:3
Question:46
The cost price of a diamond is
directly proportional to the square
of it's weight. When it is broken in
to 4 pieces in the ratio 1:2:3:4 by
weight a merchant lost Rs70000.
Find the cost price of the original
diamond.
(a)1lakh
(b)1.5lakh
(c)2lakhs
(d)3lakhs
Question:47
The ratio between speeds of
three cars 3:4:5. What is the
ratio between the time taken
by them to cover the same
distance?
(a)20:15:12
(b)5:4:3
(c)12:15:20
(d)15:12:20
Question:48
In a mixture of 20 liters, the ratio of
milk and water is 3:2. If 10liters of
mixture is taken out and replaced
with pure milk. This proces is
repeated once more. What is the
ratio between the quantity of milk &
water left in the mixture?
(a) 8:1 (b)9:1
(c)10:1 (d)11:1
Question:49
Rs 5000 was divided among 5 men,
6 women and 5 boys, such that the
ratio of the shares of men, women,
and boys is 5:3:2 what is the share
of the boy?
A.200
B.100
C.250
D.150
Question:50
The salary of Ramu is 3 times the
salary of Raju's salary increases by
20% every month & Ramu's salary
decreases by 10% every month,
what is the ratio of the salary of
Raju to Ramu after 2 months?
A.15:24
B.17:28
C.14:23
D.16:27
Question:51
A sum of RS. 5000 was
divided among P, Q, and R in
the ratio 2:3:5. If the amount
of RS.500 was added to each,
what will be their new ratio?
A.3:4:6
B.3:5:4
C.3:4:5
D.2:3:4
Question:52
Alloy A is a mixture of lead and tin
in the ratio 3:2 while Alloy B is a
mix of tin and copper in the ratio
1:4. If I mix 60 kg of A and 100 kg of
B, what would be the quantity of tin
in the new mix?
a. 36 kg
b. 44 kg
c. 53 kg
d. 80 kg
Question:53
Ram and Shyam were carrying
some money such that their money
was in the ratio 3:8. A friend gives
each of them Rs 5/- and their
money is now in the ratio 2:5.
Which is the smaller money of the
two?
a. 45
b. 64
c. 105
d. 120
Question:54
The age of the two friends
were in the ratio of 2:3.If the
sum of their ages is 55.Then
after how many years their
ratio will become 4:5?
A.11years
B.12years
C.15years
D.22years
Question:55
If a+b : b+c : c+a = 6:7:8
and a+b+c = 21, then the
value of c is
a. 6 
b. 7 
c. 8 
d. 9 
e. None of These
Question:56
A man divides Rs.8600 among 5
sons, 4 daughters and 2 nephews.
If each daughter receives four
times as much as each nephew,
and each son receives five times as
much as each nephew, how much
does each daughter receive?
(a) Rs.800 
(b) Rs.600 
(c) Rs.200 
(d) Rs.700