CPD Article PPT JC 3

Behavior of mandibular canines as
abutment teeth and indirect retainers in

Kennedy class II removable denture
prosthesis
Marisol C. Camacho , Yolanda R. Gallardo , Roberto Ch.

Stegun , Bruno Costa ,Newton Sesma, Heliyon 4 (2018)
R.SUNIL
1ST YEAR PG
Contents:
 Introduction
 Materials and methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
KENNEDY’S CLASSIFICATION
Introduction
RPD is one of the treatment considered when all

the fixed treatment options are exhausted.
It is also economical and conservative type of
approach.
Many times distal extensions RPD are implicated to
cause mobility and destruction to the adjacent
abutment teeth and structures.
Differences in resilience b/n periodontal abutment
tissue and residual ridge mucosa is the main problem.
In this study, the author want to investigate the
behaviour of mandibular left canine acting as an
abutment in Kennedys class 2, according to different
designs: a lingual rest and a lingual rest associated with
a reciprocal arm
In a study conducted by Curtis DA et al the
prevalence of patients needing Kennedy class II RPDs
had increased, whereas prevalence of patients
needing RPDs with designs in the other Kennedy
classes did not change significantly.
Curtis DA, Curtis TA, Wagnild GW, et al: Incidence of various classes of
removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1992;67:664-667
Materials and Methods
A mandibular simulation model with a left distal

extension is used as a definitive cast.
Proximal guiding planes and lingual rests were
prepared on the canines.
The prepared cast was duplicated with silicone and
wax is poured in the canine regions.
Roots were carved to a length of 15mm.
The roots are fused with Ni-Cr alloy and the roots
are brush stroked with a polyurethane resin.
The canines are placed in the mould and resin is
poured into it leaving the root tips.
A polyurethane sheet is applied to simulate the
mucosal resilience.
The root tips are covered with type4 gypsum to
avoid movement during molding phases.
A partial denture framework of Co-Cr alloy was
fabricated with the following characteristics: a T bar
clasp with a lingual rest and a reciprocal arm for the left
canine a lingual rest for the right canine, and an
embrasure clasp for the first and second left molars.
Each framework was subjected to tensile loading
using a VersaTest traction machine(Mecmesin) with a
traction speed of 5 mm per minute
Results
In both the RPD designs, the abutment teeth were

displaced in lingual direction.
In the RPD design with reciprocal arm showed less
movement buccolingually than in the design with lingual
rest.
When the abutment teeth moved in mesial direction
similar result is obtained when the teeth moved in
buccolingual direction.
Discussion
The data from the present study showed that the

abutment tooth was displaced in the lingual and mesial
directions, regardless of design, when the RPDP
framework was submitted to tensile loading.
Otherwise the tooth moves in buccal and distal
directions when occlusal load is applied.
It is important for the teeth to movie in its normal
physiological range.
The movements of the abutments did not match the
parameters cited by McGiveny et al.
The teeth have the capacity to move 0.25mm with in
their socket under 4N force
G.P. McGivney, A.B. Carr, Mc Craken’s Removable Partial

Prosthodontics,tenth ed., Mosby/Elsevier, St. Louis, 2000, p. 175.
With respect to movement in the buccal-lingual
direction, the design with the reciprocal arm was
associated with less lingual movement of the
abutment tooth, demonstrating that the presence of
the reciprocal arm contributes to neutralizing the
harmful force exerted on the teeth by the retention
arm .
In this study a mean retentive force in reciprocal arm
design is 36N.
Rodrigues et al previously reported a T-bar clasp
retentive force of 16.5N.
This high value is attributed to the embrasure clasp on
the opposite side, activation of T-clasp and frictional
forces of reciprocal arm.
These results are clinically important because they
show canine abutment behavior in a Kennedy Class II
RPDP.
 Knowledge of these things,the clinician can design the
RPD correctly.
However,this invitro study has some limitations like
errors with dial gauges,
fatigue of the polyurethane material
involuntary factors associated with laboratory work
Conclusion
The results suggest that a lingual rest associated

with a reciprocal arm may lead to decreased tooth
mobility when a canine is the abutment of a Kennedy
class II RPDP.
The reciprocal arm tends to reduce the movement
of the abutment and helps in increasing the retention
of the prosthesis.
References
O.C. Tebrock, et al., The effect of various clasping systems
on the mobility of abutment teeth for distal-extension removable
partial dentures, J. Prosthet. Dent. 41 (1979) 511-516.
Jorge, J. H.,et al.. Clinical evaluation of abutment teeth of
removable partial denture by means of the Periotest method.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation,2007 34(3), 222–227.
G.P. McGivney, A.B. Carr, Mc Craken’s Removable Partial
Prosthodontics,tenth ed., Mosby/Elsevier, St. Louis, 2000, p.
175.
Charyeva, O. O.,et al. Kennedy Classification and Treatment
Options: A Study of Partially Edentulous Patients Being Treated in
a Specialized Prosthetic Clinic. Journal of Prosthodontics,2012,
21(3), 177–180

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Behavior of mandibular canines as

abutment teeth and indirect retainers in

Marisol C. Camacho , Yolanda R. Gallardo , Roberto Ch.

RPD is one of the treatment considered when all

A mandibular simulation model with a left distal

In both the RPD designs, the abutment teeth were

The data from the present study showed that the

G.P. McGivney, A.B. Carr, Mc Craken’s Removable Partial

The results suggest that a lingual rest associated

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