A Seminar On: Wavelet Video Processing

BATCH CODE:1105
A Seminar
on
WAVELET VIDEO PROCESSING
by
N.SUDHEER KUMAR 07121A0464
Under the guidance

of
Mr.D.DAMODARAM ,M.Tech
Associate Processor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Sri Sainath Nagar, A.Rangampet, Tirupathi-517102
OUTLINE
 Objective
 Introduction
 Image Compression
 Lossy And Lossless Compression
 Bit Allocation
 Classifying of Image Data
 Quantization and Entropy Encoder
Chip Provides Wavelet Transform
Advantages
 Applications
 References
OBJECTIVE
Wavelet video processing technology offers some alluring
features, including high compression ratio and eye pleasing
enlargements. one of the hottest area of advanced form of
compression is wavelet compression.
INTRODUCTION
The biggest obstacle to the multimedia revolution is digital
obesity. This is the blot that occurs when pictures,sounds
and vedio are converted from their natural analog form
into computer language for manipulation or trasmission.
In the present explosion of high quality data,te need to
compress it with less distortion of data is the need of the
hour.
Compression lower the cost of storage and transmission by
packing data into a smaller space.
IMAGE COMPRESSION
•Image compression is a technique for processing images. It
is the compressor of graphics for storage or transmission.
Compressing an image is significantly different than
compressing saw binary data .
•Some general purpose compression programs can be used
to compress images, but the result is less than optimal .
Compression is basically of two types.

1. Lossy Compression
2. Lossless Compression.
LOSSY COMPRESSION
•Lossy compression of data concedes a certain loss of accuracy

in exchange for greatly increased compression. An image
reconstructed following lossy compression contains degradation
relative to the original. Often this is because the compression
scheme completely discards redundant information.
LOSSLESS COMPRESSION
•Lossless compression consists of those techniques guaranteed

to generate an exact duplicate of the input data stream after a
compress or expand cycle. Here the reconstructed image after
compression is numerically identical to the original image
•This is the type of . compression used when storing data base records,
spread sheets or word processing files
LOSSY COMPRESSION
Source Quantizer Entropy

Encoder encoder
Input signal/image Compressed signal/ image
To create a representation for the data in which there

is less correlation among the coefficient values. This
called decorrelating the data.
STEPS IN COMPRESSION
The usual steps involved in compressing an image are
1. Specifying the rate (bits available) and distortion (tolerable error)

parameters for the target image.
2.Dividing the image data into various classes, based on their

Importance.
3.Dividing the available bit budget among these classes such that the
distortion is a minimum.
4.Quantize each class separately using the bit allocation information.

Encode each class separately using an entropy coder and write to the
file.
BIT ALLOCATION
1. Initially, all classes are allocated a predefined maximum numbers of
bits.
2.For each class, one bit is reduced from its quota of allocated bits, and
the distortion due to the reduction of that one bit is calculated.
3.Of all the classes, the class with minimum distortion for a reduction of 1
bit is noted, and 1 bit is reduced from its quota of bits.
4.The total distortion for all classes D is calculated.
5.The total rate for all the classes is calculated as R = p (i) * B (i), where p
is the probability and B is the bit allocation for each class.
6.Compare the target rate and distortion specifications with the values
obtained above. If not optimal, go to step 2.
CLASSIFIENG IMAGE DATA
An image is represented as a two dimensional array of

coefficients, each coefficient representing the
brightness level in that point.
Most natural images have smooth colour variations,
with the fine details being represented as sharp edges
in between the smooth variations. Technically, the
smooth variations in colour can be termed as low
frequency variations and the sharp variations as high
frequency variations.
Separating the smooth variations and details of the
image can be done in many ways. One such way is the
decomposition of the image using Discrete Wavelet
Transform (DWT).
Just as a forward transform is used to separate the
image data into various classes of importance a
reverse transform is used to reassemble the various
classes of data into a reconstructed image.
We start from the topmost level, apply the filters

coloumn wise first and then row wise and proceed to
the next level, till we reach the first level.
FIG: Illustration of DBUTM

Quantization
Quantization refers to the process of approximating the
continuous set of values in the image data with a finite set of
values.
The quantizer is a function whose set of output values are
discrete, and usually finite.
Entropy coding
Entropy means the amount of information present in the
data, and an entropy coder encodes the given set of
symbols with the minimum number of bits required to
represent them.
CHIP PROVIDES WAVELET TRANSFORMS
Analog Devices have developed

a family of general purpose
Adaptive
Digital Digital
Wavelet
filters, quantizer
Run Huffman wavelet-codec chips. The latest
length coder
Component video decimator chip, ADV6OLIC, claims to
coder
Video I/O 1/0 post and
interpolato accommodate compression ratios
r from visually lossless
In wavelet-based compression
Host 1/0 processing, the silicon area
post and Hos
On chip FIFO t needed for compression is the
transform same as the area needed for
buffer
decompression. In contrast, other
compression techniques require
more work and special circuitry to
compress than to decompress a
signal.

ADVANTAGES
 The high image compression ratios reduces the
hard disk storage capacity for real time recording
and for archival storage
 it has higher resolution than DCT based JPEG and
MPEG
 The compressed video file cannot be edited
APPLICATIONS
• JPEG2000 uses wavelet transforms to compress images.
• MPEG-4 uses wavelet tiling to allow the division of images into several
tiles, each with separate encoding
• Kallix corp. uses wavelet technology in to video surveillance systems.

REFERENCES
1.Bill Travis, “Wavelets both implode and explode images”, EDN,

December 2000
2.Raghuveer.M.Rao and Ajit.S.Bopardikar, “Wavelet Transforms,
3.Introduction to theory and applications”, Pearson Education Asia.
4.Jaideva.C.Goswami and Andrew.K.Chan,”Fundamentals of

wavelets,theory,algorithms and application”, Wiley Interscience
Publication.
5.Chan.Y.T,”Wavelet basics”, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
6.http:/engineering.rowan.edu/~polikar/WAVELETS/WTtutorial.html

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BATCH CODE:1105

N.SUDHEER KUMAR 07121A0464

Under the guidance

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Compression is basically of two types.

•Lossy compression of data concedes a certain loss of accuracy

•Lossless compression consists of those techniques guaranteed

Source Quantizer Entropy

Input signal/image Compressed signal/ image

To create a representation for the data in which there

1. Specifying the rate (bits available) and distortion (tolerable error)

2.Dividing the image data into various classes, based on their

4.Quantize each class separately using the bit allocation information.

4.The total distortion for all classes D is calculated.

An image is represented as a two dimensional array of

We start from the topmost level, apply the filters

FIG: Illustration of DBUTM

Analog Devices have developed

• Kallix corp. uses wavelet technology in to video surveillance systems.

1.Bill Travis, “Wavelets both implode and explode images”, EDN,

2.Raghuveer.M.Rao and Ajit.S.Bopardikar, “Wavelet Transforms,

3.Introduction to theory and applications”, Pearson Education Asia.

4.Jaideva.C.Goswami and Andrew.K.Chan,”Fundamentals of

5.Chan.Y.T,”Wavelet basics”, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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