NFHS-3 Key Findings

2005-06 National Family
Health Survey (NFHS-3)
Key Findings
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual haracteristics
3. Fertility, marriage and family planning
4. Maternal health
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Overview
 NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of
surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93
and NFHS-2 in 1998-99
 NFHS surveys are conducted under the
stewardship of MoHFW
 IIPS is the nodal agency for the National
Family Health Surveys
Contd.…
 NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA
 Macro International provided technical assistance to
NFHS-3
 NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV
component
 NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research
Organizations including some Population Research
Centres

Scope of NFHS-3
 All 29 states are covered
 Slum and non-slum areas of eight
cities, i.e. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad,
Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai,
Nagpur
 Interviews were conducted with
 Women age 15-49
 Men age 15-54
Biomarkers Measured in
NFHS-3
 Height and weight
 Haemoglobin content in the blood
to measure anaemia
 Collection of blood samples for
HIV testing

NFHS-3 Sample
for 29 states
Number Response
Interviewed Rate
Households 109,041 97.7
Women (age 15-49) 124,385 94.5
Men (age 15-54) 74,369 87.1

Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual Characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence

Selected Household Characteristics
Percent of households
93
Electricity 56
68
51
Piped water 12
25
83
Any toilet facility 26
45
Urban Rural Total

NFHS-3 finds some improvements in the household
environment since NFHS-2
68% of households have

electricity, up from 60%
in NFHS-2
88% of households use

an improved source of
drinking water
Only 29% of households

have improved toilet
facilities

Media Exposure
Percent with exposure to TV, radio, or
newspaper at least once a week
87 93
82
75
65
55
73% of urban households and 30% of
rural households possess a TV
Urban Rural Total

Women age 15-49 Men age 15-49
Education
Percent distribution of men and women age 15-49 by
highest level of education
No education
Men 18 27 20 35
< 8 years
complete
8-9 years
complete
Women 41 23 14 22 10 years
complete and
above
NFHS-3 shows that even among

those in the age group 15-19, only 89%
of men and 74% of women are literate
Measuring Health Inequities
NFHS-3 provides information on key

population, health, and nutrition indicators
for socially and economically vulnerable
groups to examine health inequities
– Caste/tribe status
– Wealth status
– Slum/non-slum population in eight cities

What is the wealth index?
Uses information on 33 household assets and
housing characteristics, such as ownership of
consumer items, type of dwelling, source of
water, and availability of electricity
Combines this information into a single wealth
index, using a scientific method of assigning
weights to individual components
The household population is divided into five
equal groups of 20% each (quintiles) at the
national level from 1 (lowest, poorest) to 5
(highest, wealthiest)
Caste/Tribe Status
SC
OTHER 19%
32% ST 8%
OBC
41%

Distribution of Households by Wealth
Index and Residence
National 20 20 20 20 20
Urban 3 6 14 29 48
Rural 28 26 23 16 7
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

Distribution of Households by Wealth
Index and Caste
5
10
8 16
13 17 36
21
24 21
23 24
25
17
22
50
14
28
18
10
ST SC OBC Other
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

Proportion of Households in the
Highest Two Wealth Quintiles by State
100
89
90 83
78 77
80
72
70 66 65
60 59
60 57 57 55
49
50 44 43 43
41 40 40
40 36
33 32
30
30 27 26
24 24 23 23
19
20
10
0
DL KE G
O PJ M
Z
HP SK G
J
HR M
H UT JK M
N TN KA AP NG M
G
di
a RJ AR WB UP AS M
P
BH JH O
R TR CH
In

Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual Characteristics
4. Maternal Health

Total Fertility Rate
4.0 3.5
3.4 3.0
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.5 2.1
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0 1.0
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 NFHS-3
Urban Rural Total

Marital Status
Percent of women age 20-24 married by age 18
54 53
50
45
28
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Urban Rural

NFHS-3
Current Contraceptive Use by
Method
Percent of currently married women age 15-49
56
49
37
1 2 3 5
d d n n l
etho
et h o
zatio
zati o IUD Pil dom
m li li n
ny m
r n t eri
t eri Co
A e s s
m od a le a le
ny e m M
A F
Trends in Contraceptive Use by
Method
Percent of currently married women age 15-49
56
48 49 NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3

41 43
37 37
34
27
3 5
4 2 3
2 1 2 2 1 2 2

Desire for No More Children
among Women with 2 Children
83 90 88
72 76
66
61
47
37
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
2 sons 1 son and 1 daughter 2 daughters

Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
4. Maternal health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence

Trends in Antenatal Care
Percent of women who had any ANC*
84 86 91
77
72 65 66
59 60
Urban Rural Total

* For last births in the past 3 years
Maternity Care
(for most recent birth in the last 5 years)
75 Urban Rural Total

61
52
44
35 37
29
19 23
3+ ANC IFA for 90+ days Postnatal care

within 2 days
Institutional Delivery

Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual characteristics
4. Maternal Health

Infant Mortality Rate
85
79
73
68
62
56 57
47
42
Urban Rural Total

Infant Mortality Rates
79
65 64
57 57
27
11
6
C
an
C
ka
na
h
al
a
di
es
D
LD
ep
an
st
hi
M
In
ad
N
ki
C
iL
Pa
gl
Sr
an

B
Child Immunization Trends
Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated
62
BCG 72
78
54
Polio3 63
78
52
DPT3 55
55
42
Measles 51
59
35
All Vaccines 42
44
Trends in Treatment of
Childhood Diarrhoea with ORS
Percent of children under age 3 with diarrhoea in the past 2 weeks
NFHS-2 NFHS-3
33 33 27 26
25 24
Urban Rural Total

Percentage Received Any ORT or
Increased Fluids by State
85
75
72
69
67 68
65
63
59
55
53 53 54
48 48 49
46 47 47 47 47
43 43 43
39 40
33
25 26 26

Contents
1. About NFHS-3
3. Fertility and its determinants
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence

Trends in Child Nutritional Status
Percent of children age under 3 years
NFHS-3 NFHS-2
51
45 43
40
23
20
Stunted Wasted Underweight

(Low-height-for-age) (Low-weight-for-height) (Low-weight-for- age)

Anaemia among Children
Percent of children 6-35 months with anaemia
79 81
72 74
Total Urban Rural NFHS-2

How Many Children Receive
Services from an AWC?
80
Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC
70
60
50
40 33
30 26
23
20 18
20 16
10
0
l s
c e od o n in
g s
vi fo ho ti o r -up
r c o k
se ry -s z a i t c
y nt
a e ni o n h e
An e Pr u m c
em
m th l th
l Im w ea
u pp ro H
S G
Nutritional Status of Adults
Percent of women and men age 15-49
W omen Men
55
36
34
24
13
9
BMI below normal Overweight/Obese Anaemic

Malnutrition of Women by
Residence and Education
Percent of women age 15-49
60
50
7 7
13 13 14 11
40
24 21
30
20 41 42
36 35 35 36
25 25
10
0
Underweight Overweight
Malnutrition of Men by
Residence and Education
Percent of men age 15-49
50
45
3 6
40 5 5
8
35
14
14
30
25
20 38 40 38 40
34
15 Overweight
27 25
10 Underweight
5
0
an
al
l
s
s
n
s
ta
ar
ar
ar
io
ur
rb
To
ye
at
ye
ye
R
U
uc
<8
+
9
8-
10
ed
o
N

Contents
1. About NFHS-3
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence

AIDS Awareness
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS
Urban Rural Total
Women 81
46
57
Men 94
73
80

Most Adults Support Family Life
Education in Schools
63% women and 81% men think that information about

HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and
girls
More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour

of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour
and condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases
Adults are less likely to favour teaching about

contraception than about HIV/AIDS

Coverage of HIV Testing in
NFHS-3
• Percent of eligible women age 15-49
and men age 15-54 whose blood was
tested for HIV
• Women: 85 percent
• Men: 78 percent
• Response rates are comparable to
HIV test response rates on national
household surveys worldwide
HIV Prevalence
HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV

tests of 102,946 blood samples:
52,853 from de facto women age 15-49

+
50,093 from de facto men age 15-54

HIV Prevalence by Residence
and Sex, India
Women Men Total
Sex (%) (%) (%)
Urban 0.29
HIV prevalence 0.41
rate is 60% higher 0.35
among males than females and 40%
higher in urban areas than rural areas
Rural 0.18 0.32 0.25
India 0.22 0.36 0.28

Summary and Highlights
Substantial improvements have been seen in
child survival
Fertility continues to decline

– Urban women have already reached replacement
level fertility, but rural women even now have an
average of three children
For the first time more than half of currently

married women are using a contraceptive
method
Summary and Highlights (contd.)
There is steady decline in the proportion of

women age 20-24 marrying before the legal
minimum age of marriage
There have been improvements in antenatal

care, institutional deliveries, and assistance
at delivery by a health professional, but the
changes over time have been slow
Immunization coverage for children has

improved for all vaccines except DPT
Full immunization coverage has not

changed much in the last 7 years
Undernutrition and anaemia among

children remain major challenges
Adults suffer a dual burden of

undernutrition and overnutrition

HIV prevalence among the NFHS-3

household population of men and
women age 15-49 is 0.28 percent.
Based on this estimate and other
data, the Government of India has
reduced its official HIV estimate for
the adult population. However, strong
programmes are still required to
prevent the further spread of HIV.

Thank you…
And now, on to the rest

of the NFHS-3 National
Dissemination
Seminar!

NFHS-3 Key Findings

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2005-06 National Family

Health Survey (NFHS-3)

2. Household and individual haracteristics

3. Fertility, marriage and family planning

5. Immunization and child health care

7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Households 109,041 97.7

Women (age 15-49) 124,385 94.5

Men (age 15-54) 74,369 87.1

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

2. Household and Individual Characteristics

3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning

5. Immunization and Child Health

6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults

7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Urban Rural Total

68% of households have

88% of households use

Only 29% of households

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Urban Rural Total

NFHS-3 shows that even among

NFHS-3 provides information on key

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

2. Household and Individual Characteristics

3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning

5. Immunization and Child Health

6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults

7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Urban Rural

48 49 NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3

2 sons 1 son and 1 daughter 2 daughters

2. Household and individual characteristics

3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning

4. Maternal health care

5. Immunization and child health care

6. Nutritional status of children and adults

7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Urban Rural Total

75 Urban Rural Total

3+ ANC IFA for 90+ days Postnatal care

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

2. Household and Individual characteristics

3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning

5. Immunization and Child Health

6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults

7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence