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    Chapter Two: Defining and Formulation of The Research

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    Ewnetu Tadesse
    Here are the key differences between a research problem and hypothesis: - A research problem refers to the difficulty or issue that needs to be addressed, while a hypothesis proposes a potential explanation or solution to the research problem. - A research problem is generally broad and identifies what needs to be studied, while a hypothesis makes a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables related to the research problem. - The purpose of defining a research problem is to identify what needs to be investigated, while the purpose of a hypothesis is to provide a proposed explanation that can be empirically tested through data collection and analysis. - A research problem leads to the formulation of a hypothesis, which then guides the research design and methods

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    Chapter Two: Defining and Formulation of The Research

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    Ewnetu Tadesse
    41 views13 pages
    Here are the key differences between a research problem and hypothesis: - A research problem refers to the difficulty or issue that needs to be addressed, while a hypothesis proposes a potential explanation or solution to the research problem. - A research problem is generally broad and identifies what needs to be studied, while a hypothesis makes a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables related to the research problem. - The purpose of defining a research problem is to identify what needs to be investigated, while the purpose of a hypothesis is to provide a proposed explanation that can be empirically tested through data collection and analysis. - A research problem leads to the formulation of a hypothesis, which then guides the research design and methods

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    Chapter 2

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    Here are the key differences between a research problem and hypothesis: - A research problem refers to the difficulty or issue that needs to be addressed, while a hypothesis proposes a potential explanation or solution to the research problem. - A research problem is generally broad and identifies what needs to be studied, while a hypothesis makes a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables related to the research problem. - The purpose of defining a research problem is to identify what needs to be investigated, while the purpose of a hypothesis is to provide a proposed explanation that can be empirically tested through data collection and analysis. - A research problem leads to the formulation of a hypothesis, which then guides the research design and methods

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    41 views13 pages

    Chapter Two: Defining and Formulation of The Research

    Uploaded by

    Ewnetu Tadesse
    Here are the key differences between a research problem and hypothesis: - A research problem refers to the difficulty or issue that needs to be addressed, while a hypothesis proposes a potential explanation or solution to the research problem. - A research problem is generally broad and identifies what needs to be studied, while a hypothesis makes a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables related to the research problem. - The purpose of defining a research problem is to identify what needs to be investigated, while the purpose of a hypothesis is to provide a proposed explanation that can be empirically tested through data collection and analysis. - A research problem leads to the formulation of a hypothesis, which then guides the research design and methods

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    Chapter Two

    Defining and Formulation of the Research


    Problem and Hypothesis
    2.1 What is a Research problem?

    • refers to some difficulty, which a researcher


    faces (experiences) in the context of both a
    theoretical or practical situation and wants
    to obtain a solution for the same.
    • We say a research problem exist, if the
    following conditions are met (Kothari 1990)
    1.There will be an individual (or group or
    organization) to whom the problem can be
    attributed
    2.There must be at least two courses of action
    3. There must be at least two out comes
    4. The courses of action available must provide
    some chance of obtaining the objective, but
    they cannot provide the same chance,
    otherwise the choice would not matter
    2. 2Techniques involved in defining a
    problem
    • Defining The Problem
    “The problem clearly stated is a problem half solved”.
    A proper definition of research problem will
    enable the researcher to find answers to
    question such as
    • What kind of data and information are
    relevant and needed to be studied?
    • What relationship is to be explored among
    variables?
    • What technique has to be used to collect and
    analyze data? And so forth
    Steps

    • Statement of problem in a general way


    • Understanding the nature of the problem
    • Survey the available literature
    • Developing ideas through discussion
    • Rephrasing the research problem
    (reformulation of the problem)
    How do We choose a research topic

    • Career development
    • Priority research areas
    – Relevance
    – Avoidance of duplication
    – Feasibility
    – Political acceptability
    – Applicability
    – Urgency of data needed
    – Ethical acceptability
    • Resource availability
    2.3. Hypothesis
    • The word hypothesis is a compound of two
    words, “hypo” and “thesis”.
    • Hypo=under or below
    thesis=a reasoned theory or rational
    viewpoint.
    Thus, hypothesis would mean a theory, which
    is not fully reasoned
    Hypothesis

    • Hypothesis is a testable statement that describes the nature of the


    proposed relationship between two or more variables of interest. E.g.
    the famous Newton’s law of motion.

    • The purpose of the study is to collect data which will allow the
    researcher to test (or refute) the hypothesis.

    • A hypothesis is usually derived from


    – a hunch (pºƒ)
    – an educational guess based on published articles or
    – preliminary observations.

    • Not all studies test hypotheses; often descriptive studies are called
    hypothesis generating.
    eg.
    HO: As a result of 300mg./day of the ABC drug, there will
    be no significant difference in depression.
    which is tested against the alternative hypothesis:
    HA: As a result of 300mg./day of the ABC drug, there will
    be a significant difference in depression.
    HO: As a result of the XYZ company employee training program, there
    will either be no significant difference in employee absenteeism or
    there will be a significant increase.
    which is tested against the alternative hypothesis:
    HA: As a result of the XYZ company employee training program, there
    will be a significant decrease in employee absenteeism.
    Importance of Hypothesis
    • Represents specific objective, which determine
    the nature of the data needed to test the
    proposition
    • Offer basis for selecting the sample, the research
    procedure, and the statistical analysis needed.
    • Keeps the study restricted in scope
    • Sets a framework for reporting the conclusion of
    the study.
    Criteria of usable hypotheses

    • Hypotheses should
    – be clearly and precisely formulated
    – be formulated in such way that, they can
    be tested or verified (should be testable)
    – state explicitly the expected relationship
    between variables
    – be limited in scope.
    – be consistent with the known facts.
     be amendable to testing with in a
    reasonable time.
    Assignment

    • What is the difference between research


    problem and hypothesis?

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