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    Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis

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    Marilyn Bagay
    Glycogen is a readily available form of glucose storage found mainly in the liver and skeletal muscle. It is made up of glucose molecules linked together by alpha glycosidic bonds to form a branched polymer. Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is converted and stored as glycogen, involving phosphorylation and transfer reactions. Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose, primarily through the action of glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme to maintain blood glucose levels.

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    Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis

    Uploaded by

    Marilyn Bagay
    108 views18 pages
    Glycogen is a readily available form of glucose storage found mainly in the liver and skeletal muscle. It is made up of glucose molecules linked together by alpha glycosidic bonds to form a branched polymer. Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is converted and stored as glycogen, involving phosphorylation and transfer reactions. Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose, primarily through the action of glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme to maintain blood glucose levels.

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    GLYCOGENESIS-x-GLYCOGENOLYSIS

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    Glycogen is a readily available form of glucose storage found mainly in the liver and skeletal muscle. It is made up of glucose molecules linked together by alpha glycosidic bonds to form a branched polymer. Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is converted and stored as glycogen, involving phosphorylation and transfer reactions. Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose, primarily through the action of glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme to maintain blood glucose levels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    108 views18 pages

    Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis

    Uploaded by

    Marilyn Bagay
    Glycogen is a readily available form of glucose storage found mainly in the liver and skeletal muscle. It is made up of glucose molecules linked together by alpha glycosidic bonds to form a branched polymer. Glycogenesis is the process by which glucose is converted and stored as glycogen, involving phosphorylation and transfer reactions. Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose, primarily through the action of glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme to maintain blood glucose levels.

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    of 18

    GLYCOGEN METABOLISM

    GLYCOGENESIS & GLYCOGENOLYSIS


    GLYCOGEN
    • Glycogen is a readily mobilized storage form of
    glucose. 
    • It is a very large, branched polymer of glucose
    residues that can be broken down to yield glucose.
    • Most of the glucose residues in glycogen are linked
    by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds; some are 1,6-glycosidic
    bonds.
    GLYCOGEN
    • The two major sites of
    glycogen storage are the
    liver and skeletal muscle.
    • Glycogen is present in
    the cytosol in the form of
    granules
    STRUCTURE OF A
    GLYCOGEN
    GLYCOGENESIS
    • The foods we eat are turned into
    glucose and released as energy to
    be able to use by the body.
    • The molecule of glucose that is
    stored in the important organs of
    the body is called glycogen.
    WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
    GLYCOGENESIS?
    • To make sure the body does not
    run out of glucose.
    • To maintain the glucose level of
    the blood.
    PROCESS OF GLYCOGENESIS
    1. Glucose is
    phosphorylated to
    glycose-6- phosphate by
    the enzyme hexokinase in
    presence of a phosphate
    donor from ATP.
    PROCESS OF GLYCOGENESIS
    2. Glycose-6-phosphate is
    transformed into glucose-
    1-phosphate, catalysed by
    the enzyme
    phosphoglucomutase.
    PROCESS OF GLYCOGENESIS
    3. Glucose-1-phosphate is
    converted to UDP-glucose
    by the enzyme
    pyrophosphorylase in the
    presence of UTP 
    PROCESS OF GLYCOGENESIS
    4. Glycogen synthase
    transfers the glucosyl
    residue from UDP-glucose
    to the C4OH at the non-
    reducing end of a glycogen
    molecule, forming an α 1, 4
    glycosidic bond. It uses a
    primer called glycogenin. 
    PROCESS OF GLYCOGENESIS
    5. An enzyme, called
    branching enzyme
    [amylo-(1, 4′ → 1, 6′)
    transglycosylase]
    transfers a part of the 1,
    4′-chain (about seven
    glucose unit)
    GLYCOGENOLYSIS
    • Glycogenolysis is the biochemical breakdown of glycogen to
    glucose 
    • It takes place in the cells of muscle and liver tissues in
    response to hormonal and neural signals.
    • It also plays an important role in the adrenaline-induced
    fight-or-flight response and the regulation of glucose levels in
    the blood
    GLYCOGENOLYSIS PROCESS
    Action of glycogen phosphorylase
    The key enzyme of glycogenolysis is glycogen
    phosphorylase which is aided by another
    molecule called pyridoxal phosphate. This
    enzyme cleaves the glucose residues sequentially
    and yield glucose 1 phosphate.
    GLYCOGENOLYSIS STEPS
    Action of Debranching enzyme
    Debranching enzyme is a single molecule consisting of 2
    enzyme activities –glucan transferase and glucosidase. The
    first enzyme activity removes the glycogen fragment
    containing 3 or 4 residues in a branch and move them to a
    nearby chain.
    GLYCOGENOLYSIS STEPS
    Phosphoglucomutase
    Converts the glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate.
    During glycogenolysis glucose units are phosphorolysed from
    branches of glycogen until four residues before a glucose that
    is branched with an α[1,6] linkage.
    GLYCOGENOLYSIS STEPS
    Formation of end products
    • The glycogen in the liver is used to increase the blood glucose level
    when needed. The glycogen in muscle is used to supply energy during
    muscle contraction as in physical exercise and not to increase blood
    glucose.
    • The end products – glucose and glucose 1 phosphate are formed by
    the combined action of the two enzymes -debranching enzyme and
    glycogen phosphorylase.
    THANK YOUUUUU 

    Limos, Paolo
    M.
    BSE-Science 2

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