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    Temperature and Heat

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    ABCD
    Heat is the flow of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects due to temperature differences. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Heat is transferred between objects through three processes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between objects, convection involves the movement of particles within fluids and gases, and radiation transfers energy through electromagnetic waves.

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    Temperature and Heat

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    ABCD
    51 views17 pages
    Heat is the flow of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects due to temperature differences. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Heat is transferred between objects through three processes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between objects, convection involves the movement of particles within fluids and gases, and radiation transfers energy through electromagnetic waves.

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    Temperature & Heat

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    Heat is the flow of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects due to temperature differences. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Heat is transferred between objects through three processes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between objects, convection involves the movement of particles within fluids and gases, and radiation transfers energy through electromagnetic waves.

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    51 views17 pages

    Temperature and Heat

    Uploaded by

    ABCD
    Heat is the flow of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects due to temperature differences. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Heat is transferred between objects through three processes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between objects, convection involves the movement of particles within fluids and gases, and radiation transfers energy through electromagnetic waves.

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    of 17

    Temperature and Heat

    Heat is a flow of energy


    due to temperature
    differences
    Temperature Depends
    on Particle Movement!
    • All matter is made up of atoms
    that are moving…even solid
    objects have atoms that are
    vibrating.

    • The motion from the atoms


    gives the object energy.
    The Kinetic Theory of Matter
    • All of the particles that make up matter are constantly in
    motion

    • Solid= vibrating atoms


    • Liquid= flowing atoms
    • Gas= move freely
    • Plasma=
    move incredibly
    fast and freely

    www.nasa.gov
    Temperature
    •The Measure of
    the average
    kinetic energy of
    all the particles
    in the object
    •The atoms mass
    and speed
    determine the
    temperature of
    cse.ssl.berkeley.edu
    the object
    Temperature
    • Temperature is
    measured in units
    called degrees (oC,F,K)

    • Fahrenheit: Water
    freezes 32oF and boils
    at 212oF

    • Celsius: Water freezes


    at 0oC and boils at
    100oC

    www.germes-online.com
    How does a
    Thermometer Work?
    • The thermometer can measure
    temperature because the
    substance of the liquid inside
    always expands (increases) or
    contracts (decreases) by a
    certain amount due to a change
    in temperature.
    Thermal
    Expansion
    • All gases, liquids,
    and most solids
    expand when their
    Joints such as
    temperature
    this one are
    increases. used in
    bridges to
    accommodate
    • This is why bridges thermal
    are built with short expansion.
    segments with small
    (Reproduced by
    breaks to allow for permission of
    expansion JLM Visuals)
    Energy Flows from Warmer
    to Cooler Objects
    • Heat: the flow of energy from an
    object at a higher temperature
    to an object at a lower
    temperature.

    • Thermal Energy: total random


    kinetic energy of particles in an
    object.
    Measuring Heat

    • Heat is measured by the units of


    calorie and joule (J).

    • calorie: The amount of energy


    needed to raise the temperature
    of 1 gram of water by 1oC

    • 1 calorie= 4.18 J
    Some substances change
    temperature more easily
    than others.
    • Specific Heat:
    the amount of
    energy required
    to raise the
    temperature of 1
    gram of a
    substance by
    1oC

    chesapeake.towson.edu
    The Transfer of Energy
    as Heat.
    • Energy moves heat in three
    ways

    • Conduction
    • Convection
    • Radiation
    Conduction
    • The process that moves energy from one
    object to another when they are touching
    physically.

    • Conductors: materials that transfer energy


    easily.

    • Insulators: materials that do not transfer


    energy easily.

    • Examples: hot cup of cocoa transfers heat


    energy to cold hands
    Convection
    • The process that
    transfers energy
    by the movement
    of large numbers
    of particles in the
    same direction
    within a liquid or
    gas.

    • Cycle in Nature

    • Boiling water and


    heating a room

    www.physics.arizona.edu
    Convection
    in Nature
    1. Cooler denser air sinks
    and flows under the
    warmer air (less
    dense) to push the
    warmer air upward

    1. As the warmer air


    rises it cools and
    becomes more dense npg2.com

    2. This cooling and


    movement of warmer
    air upward creates the
    cycle of convection
    Radiation
    • The energy that
    travels by
    electromagnetic
    waves (visible
    light,
    microwaves,
    and infrared
    light)

    • Radiation from
    the sun strikes
    the atoms in
    your body and
    transfers energy
    www.chemheritage.org
    Conduction Convection Radiation

    •Energy •Occurs in •Energy


    transferred by gases and transferred by
    direct contact liquids electromagnetic
    waves (visible
    •Energy flows •Movement of light,
    directly from large number microwaves,
    warmer to of particles in infrared)
    cooler objects same direction
    •All objects
    •Continues •Cycle occurs radiate energy
    until object while
    temperatures temperature •Can transfer
    are equal differences energy through
    exist empty space
    Vocabulary List
    • Kinetic theory of matter
    • Temperature
    • Degree
    • Thermometer
    • Heat
    • Thermal energy
    • Calorie
    • Joule
    • Specific heat
    • Conduction
    • Convection
    • Radiation

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