Taken from UST Architecture final exam by Arch.

Rafael Alli
Recommended review material for UST Preboard Exams

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Components of paints
Body
Vehicle
Pigment
Types of Glass
Plate glass
Float glass
Sheet glass
Common Paint Problems
Tackining
Bleeding
Blistering
Chalking
Deadening
Moisture blush
Orange peel
Peeling
Wrinkling
Concrete Testing Methods
Slump test
Compressive test
Core test
Types of Concrete
Heavyweight
Lightweight structural
Normal weight
Lightweight insulating
Cellular
Cap graded
Shotcrete
Preplaced
Pumped
Types of Concrete Finishes
Integrally pigmented finish
Screeded trowelled
Swirl
Broomed
Burlap drag
Travertine and rock salt
Stamped
Exposed aggregate
Form board
Form liner plastics
Dimpled
Types of Aggregates
Expanded shale
Expanded slate
Porlite
Vermiculite
Types of Adhesive
Animal glue
Cellulose cement
Chlorinated (rubber) adhesive
Natural rubber cement
Casein glue
Casein glue
A kind of glue that is made from protein material, it is
a dry powder that is mixed with water, it has good
bonding properties for wood to wood or paper to
wood application and will develop the full strength of
the wood in most situations.
admixture
Any substance other than cement, water or aggregate,
added to the concrete or mortar mix to alter its
properties or those of the hardened product; also
called an additive.
Concrete hardener
An additive which improves the denseness of
concrete surface which are subjected to rolling live
loads and impact.
Body
That solid, finely ground material which gives paint
the power to hide, as well as color the surface.
Chalking
A paint defect characterized by progressive
powdering from the surface inward.
enamel
Any paint or varnish drying to a smooth, hard,
usually glossy finish.
Natural resin
A varnish made from natural resin or exudations from
living trees.
ferrocement
A type of concrete having mortar with large amount
of light gauge reinforcement is used; it is used in bins,
boat hulls and other thin complex shapes
Reinforced concrete
A type of concrete using reinforcing bars (plain or
deformed) and mats as primary reinforcement.
Integrally pigmented concrete
A type of concrete finish in which coloring agents are
added to the mixture. It may be trowelled,
sandblasted, tooled or stamped.
Stamped concrete
A concrete finish using proprietary aluminum tools
to imprint various patterns in freshly placed
horizontal concrete surface.
aggregate
Any of the various hard inert mineral material, such
as sand and gravel, added to a cement paste to make
concrete or mortar.
fillers
Finishing material which is used on wood surfaces,
particularly those with open grains, to till the pores
and provide perfectly smooth, uniform surface for
varnish or lacquer.
Animal glue
A glue in liquid form having excellent bonding
property with paper or glass and reasonably good
bond with wood or metal. Resistance to heat, cold,
creep and water is poor.
Fire retardant
A type of paint which retards the passage of fire to
the surface beneath them.
Alkyd paint
A type of paint using alkyd in the formulation. It has
a mild alkali resistance but excellent water resistance,
particularly useful for porch and deck application.
pigment
Paint component which gives it color.
alligatoring
An incomplete form of peeling where the paint
cracks into large segments, usually due to repeated
application of new coats over old coats which are
no longer adherent.
thinner
Volatile solvents used to cause paint to flow better.
Normal weight concrete
A type of concrete having density of 135-165 lbs/cu.ft.,
compressive strength from 2,000psi - over 8,000psi. It
is used in structural framing, pavements, floor, etc.
Slump test
A method of determining the consistency and
workability of freshly mixed concrete by measuring
the slump of a test specimen.
Compressive test
A test for determing the compressive of a concrete
batch, using a hydraulic press to measure the
maximum load test a cylinder can support.
Shotcrete
A term used to describe mortar or concrete placed by
high velocity compressed air that adheres to the
surface.
Polymer-portland cement
A type of concrete wherein monomer or polymer is
added to freshly mixed concrete and subsequently
allowed to cure, and if needed polymerized in place.
sandglass
Concrete characterized by textured patterns
through the use of templates.
Dimpled concrete
Concrete cast over a bed of crushed stone or gravel
aggregate against a polyethylene sheet between them
to prevent bonding.
vermiculite
Mica exoanded by heat into very light wormlike
threads, used as non-structural lightweight aggregate
and as loose fill insulation.
Expanded shale
A strong lightweight aggregate obtained by
exfoliation of clay or shale, also called expanded clay.
Vitreous colored glass
Polished plate glass which is heat strengthened
and coated on one side with vitreous color which
is fire fused to the surface. This type of glass is
widely used in curtain wall construction,
storefronts, showrooms, laboratories and
industrial buildings.
Acoustical glass
Laminated or insulating glass used for sound control.
Insulating glass
A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass
separated by hermetically sealed air spaces.
glass
A hard brittle usually transparent or translucent
substance, produced by fusing silica together with a
flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools into a rigid
mass without crystallization.
Laminated safety glass
Glass used in the transportation industry, but also
widely used in the building industry. This is made of
two sheets or plate or sheet glass bounded by a thin
tough layer of polyvinyl butyral resin.
Plate glass
A flat soda lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth
and nearly distortion free. It is manufactured by
pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and
allowing it to cool slowly.
Wired glass
A rolled glass in which wire mesh is inserted during
the process of manufacture. It is characterized by its
great resistance to shattering through impact.
Crown glass
An old form of window glass formed by blowing and
whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a flat circular
disc with the center lump left by the worker’s rod.
Glass block
A translucent hollow block of glass with clear,
textured or patterned faces made by fusing two halves
together with hollow core, used for glazing openings.
Tempered plate glass
A type of glass made by reheating and suddenly
cooling plate glass. Used for swing doors, sliding
doors, skating rink enclosures, etc.
Elasticity
The property of a material that enables it to deform
in response ti an applied force and to recover its
original size and shape upon removal of the force.
Thermal Expansion
The change in length or volume which a material or
body undergoes while being heated.
Hardness
The resistance of a material to deformation by
compression or indentation.
Acid resistance property
The degree of which a surface such as porcelain,
enamel will resist attack by acid.
Workability
The ease with which a fresh concrete can be molded
or deformed.
Weatherability
The property of a material that enables it to retain its
appearance and integrity when exposed to sun, wind,
moisture and changes in temperature.
ductility
The property of a material described as capable of
being stretched or deformed without fracturing.
malleability
The property of a metal that permits mechanical
deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling, etc.
without fracturing.
Sound absorption
A property possessed by materials or objects of
absorbing sound energy.
Abrasion resistance property
The property of a material that enables it to resist
being worn away by friction when rubbed with
another object.
Hearthwood
The central core of the log which is composed of
inactive cells.
slab
A kind of rough lumber which is cut tangent to the
annual rings of the wood, running full length of the
log.
serviculture
The process of growing timber crops of the better and
more valuable species through scientific forestry.
Particle board
A non-veneered wood panel product made by
bonding small wood particles under heat and
pressure.
plywood
A wood panel product made by bonding veneers
together under heat and pressure, usually at right
angles to each other.
lumber
The term applied to wood after is is sawed or sliced
into boards, planks, slabs, etc. used for commercial
purposes.
Straight grained
A type of grain where the direction of the wood fibers
are nearly parallel with the sides and edges of the
board.
wood
The tough, fibrous cellular substance that makes up
most of the stem and branches of trees beneath the
bark.
endogenous
These are inside growing trees. These kind of trees
are preferred for lumbering because of the center
core, which is soft and brittle in character.
hardwood
Classified as deciduous trees that have broad leaves
which normally shed during the cold season.
checks
A defect in wood which is characterized by separation
across annual growth rings.
twisting
A warp resulting from the turning of the edges of a
wood piece.
decay
A wood defect which is caused by the attack of fungi
and microorganisms.
Rough lumber
A term applied to undressed or unplaned lumber.
lumbering
The operation performed in preparing wood for
commercial purposes.
fiberboard
A building material made of wood or other plant
fibers compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.
waferboard
A non-veneered panel product composed of large,
thin, wood-flakes bonded under heat and pressure
with a waterproof adhesive.
Parallel strand lumber
A structural lumber product made by bonding long,
narrow wood strands together under heat and
pressure using a waterproof adhesive; used as beams
and columns post and beam construction.
wane
A kind of wood defect which is caused by chipping
and drying at the edge.
Plank
A wide piece of lumber with thickness ranging from
2”-5”.
decking
A type of dimension lumber having a width of 4” and
wider.
Dimension lumber
A classification of lumber and with thickness of 2”-4”
and a width of 2”.
plank
A piece of lumber with thickness ranging from 2”-5”.
s2s
These are planed or dressed lumber with two sides
smooth or planed.
exogenous
These are outward growing trees which are most
preferred for lumbering.
Cast iron
A hard brittle non-malleable iron based alloy
containing 2.0%-4.5% carbon and 0.5%-3% silicon,
cast in a sand mold and machined to make building
products.
Medium steel
A carbon steel containing 0.25%-0.45% carbon.
Ferrous metals
A metal containing iron as a principal element.
zinc
A ductile, crystalline, bluish white metallic element,
used for galvanizing iron and steel and in making
other alloys.
Stainless steel
An alloy containing a minimum of 12% chromium,
sometimes with nickel, manganese, or molybdenum
as additional alloying element.
lead
A lustrous, low-melting, bluish white metallic
element that is malleable and ductile at ordinary
temperatures and used in plating and in making
alloys and soft solders.
Pig iron
Crude iron that is drawn from a blast furnace and cast
into pigs in preparation for conversion into cast iron,
wrought iron or steel.
metals
Any class of elementary substances as gold, silver or
copper, all of which are crystalline when solid and
many of which are characterized by opacity, ductility,
conductivity and a unique luster when freshly
fractured.
Wrought iron
A tough malleable, relatively soft iron that is readily
forged and welded, having a fibrous structure,
containing approximately 0.2% carbon and a small
amount of uniformly distributed slag.
Carbon steel
Ordinary unalloyed steel in which the residual
elements such as carbon, manganese, phosphorous,
sulfur and silicon are controlled.
marble
A metamorphic rock of crystallized limestone,
consisting mainly of calcite and dolomite, used
especially in architecture and sculpture.
granite
A very hard, coarse-grained igneous rock, composed
mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica or other colored
minerals.
Metamorphic rock
A class of rock that has undergone change in
structure, texture or composition due to natural
agencies, as heat and pressure.
oolite
A limestone composed of small, round, calcerous
grains resembling fish roe. Also called egg stone.
limestone
A sedimentary rock formed chiefly by the
accumulation of organic remains, as shells and corals,
and used as a building stone in the manufacture of
lime.
slate
A dense, fine-grained, metamorphic rock formed by
the compression of various sediments, as clay and
shale.
dolomite
A limestone rich in magnesium and carbonate.
quartzite
A compact, granular metamorphic rock consisting
essentially of quartz, derived from sandstone.
soapstone
A massive, soft rock, containing a high proportion of
talc, used as dimension stone for hearths, tabletops
and carved ornaments. Also called steatite.
Sedimentary rock
A class of rock formed by the deposition of sediment,
as limestone, sandstone or shale.
gneiss
A banded or foliated metamorphic rock
corresponding in composition to granite.
travertine
A variety of limestone deposited by spring waters,
especially hot springs, sold as marble in the building
trade.
sandstone
A sedimentary rock consisting of sand, usually quartz,
cemented together by various substances, as silica,
clay or calcium carbonate.
Building stone
Any stone suitable for use in building construction, as
limestone, marble or granite.
Construction terms:
 Baral de kadena - chain bolt
 Larga masa - concrete slab
 Pie de gallo - brace
 Tirante - bottom chord
 Yiero lizo galbanizado - plain GI
 Plantilya - pattern
sheet
 De bandeha - panel door
 Biga - concrete beam
 Pierno pasante - machine bolt
 Tubo de banada - downspout
 Uno sinatra - alternate
 Hamba pintuan - door jamb
 Ladrillo - brick
 Kuatro aguas - hip roof
 Tabike - exterior siding
Done! :)
Source: preliminary and final examinations 2002
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