Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Wax Processing: By: Alolod, Liezel Banuelos, Erika Grace Barrola, Marinel Lea G

CHEMISTRY OF
OILS, FATS AND

WAX PROCESSING

By:
Alolod, Liezel
Banuelos, Erika Grace
Barrola, Marinel Lea G.
Oils, Fats and Waxes
 with long-chain
These are esters
carboxylic acids and long-alcohols.
 Fat is the name given to a class of
triglycerides that appear as solid or
semisolid at room temperature,
fats are mainly present in animals.
Oils are triglycerides that appear as
a liquid at room temperature
found in plants.
Classification
Oils, Fats
and Waxes
Origin
Based on melting point:
 Fats – solid / semisolid @ room temp
(usually animal origin - margarine)
 Oils – liquid (melting point) (usually
plant origin - sunflower oil)
History

 The natives in the tropical regions of the
globe have long been removing oils from
various nuts after drying them in the sun.
 The first chemical reaction applied to fats
and oils was that of saponification, to give
soap.
 The industrialization of oils and fats
began with the erection of a cottonseed
mill in South Carolina, about 1826.

In 1885, the beginning of

oleomargarine industry in Chicago
gave impetus to the cottonseed- oil
industry. Fuller’s earth was used to
decolorize the oil.
History

1n 1893, it was learned that the oil
could be decolorized by blowing steam
through it under high temperatures.
In 1900, the discovery that oils could be
upgraded by hydrogenation to produce
fats, revolutionalized the entire oil and
fat industry and led to hydrogenated
shortenings.
Classical Divisions of
General Subjects of
Oils, Fats and Waxes

Vegetable Oils
Animal Oils and Fats
Waxes
Vegetable Oils

Palm oil is a form of edible vegetable oil
obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree.
Palm oil itself is reddish because it contains
a high amount of betacarotene.
 It is used as cooking oil, to make margarine
and is a component of many processed
foods.

Cottonseed Oil is a cooking oil extracted

from the seeds of cotton plants of various
species, mainly Gossypium hirsutum and
Gossypium herbaceum, that are grown for
cotton fiber, animal feed, and oil.

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil,

is made from the seeds of the flax plant.
Linseed and linseed oil are rich in
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential
fatty acid that appears to be beneficial for
heart disease.
Soybean Oil are produced from the seeds of
the soybean plant.
Plant sterols, chemicals derived from soybean

oil, are used to lower total cholesterol and
“bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol. Specially processed soybean oil is
used to treat osteoarthritis.
Other Vegetable Oils

Coconut Oil
 Large part coming from the Philippines
Coconut oil is an edible oil extracted
from the kernel or meat of
matured coconuts harvested from the
coconut palm (Cocos nucifera).
It has various applications in food,
medicine, and industry.

Peanut Oil
o also known as groundnut oil or arachis oil,
is a mild tasting vegetable oil derived
from peanuts.
o It is a vegetable oil that is naturally trans fat-
free, cholesterol free, and low in saturated fats.

Tung Oil
Tung or China wood oil is obtained
from the fruit of the tung tree, which
grows extensively in China.
Tung oil provides a relatively hard
surface finish that, as long as the
surface integrity is intact, provides a
waterproof finish that is impervious to
dust.

 The resulting coating is transparent and plastic-like,

a property exploited in most of its application which
include wood finishing and the composition of oil
paints and printing inks.

Castor Oil
 It is obtained from the seeds, or beans, of the
castor plant found in most tropical regions.

The nutrients in the oil penetrate deep
into the skin and nourish the hair roots
encouraging hair growth.
It is often remembered as a dietary
supplement for children that is given to
improve gastrointestinal health and
provide beneficial vitamins, minerals
and essential oils.
ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION

Expression
The expression form of essential oil
extraction does not involve the use of
a heat source.
This is the method commonly used
to extract oils from the rinds of
citrus.

Écuelle à piquer
where the fruit is placed in a device and
rotated with spikes on the side puncturing
the oil cells in the skin of the fruit.
This cause the oil cells to rupture and the
essential oil, and other material such as
pigment, to run down to the center of the
device, which contains a collection area.

Machine Abrasion
. With machine abrasion a machine
strips off the outer peel, which is
then removed by running water
and is then fed into a centrifugal
separator.

Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Wax Processing: By: Alolod, Liezel Banuelos, Erika Grace Barrola, Marinel Lea G

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Wax Processing: By: Alolod, Liezel Banuelos, Erika Grace Barrola, Marinel Lea G

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Wax Processing: By: Alolod, Liezel Banuelos, Erika Grace Barrola, Marinel Lea G

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHEMISTRY OF

OILS, FATS AND

In 1885, the beginning of

Cottonseed Oil is a cooking oil extracted

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil,

 The resulting coating is transparent and plastic-like,

You might also like