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    Cape Unit 1 - Module 1 - Obj 6

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    Aggrie Osbourne
    This document discusses different ways that information can be classified, including by source, nature, level, time, frequency, and form. It provides examples of each classification, such as internal vs. external sources, quantitative vs. qualitative nature, strategic vs. tactical vs. operational level, historical vs. current vs. future time, real-time vs. periodic vs. aperiodic frequency, and written vs. visual vs. aural form. The document also discusses ways that data can be represented, such as numerically, visually, or through text, graphics, video, or specialized notations.

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    Cape Unit 1 - Module 1 - Obj 6

    Uploaded by

    Aggrie Osbourne
    89 views20 pages
    This document discusses different ways that information can be classified, including by source, nature, level, time, frequency, and form. It provides examples of each classification, such as internal vs. external sources, quantitative vs. qualitative nature, strategic vs. tactical vs. operational level, historical vs. current vs. future time, real-time vs. periodic vs. aperiodic frequency, and written vs. visual vs. aural form. The document also discusses ways that data can be represented, such as numerically, visually, or through text, graphics, video, or specialized notations.

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    CAPE UNIT 1 - MODULE 1 - OBJ 6

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    This document discusses different ways that information can be classified, including by source, nature, level, time, frequency, and form. It provides examples of each classification, such as internal vs. external sources, quantitative vs. qualitative nature, strategic vs. tactical vs. operational level, historical vs. current vs. future time, real-time vs. periodic vs. aperiodic frequency, and written vs. visual vs. aural form. The document also discusses ways that data can be represented, such as numerically, visually, or through text, graphics, video, or specialized notations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views20 pages

    Cape Unit 1 - Module 1 - Obj 6

    Uploaded by

    Aggrie Osbourne
    This document discusses different ways that information can be classified, including by source, nature, level, time, frequency, and form. It provides examples of each classification, such as internal vs. external sources, quantitative vs. qualitative nature, strategic vs. tactical vs. operational level, historical vs. current vs. future time, real-time vs. periodic vs. aperiodic frequency, and written vs. visual vs. aural form. The document also discusses ways that data can be represented, such as numerically, visually, or through text, graphics, video, or specialized notations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Importance of data and

    information
    Information provided by a system can
    be classified in many ways:
    • Source
    • Nature
    • Level
    • Time
    • Frequency
    • Form
    • Type
    Source:
    • Internal - comes from within the organization, most
    likely from data processing.

    • External- purchased or found in public domain

    • Primary - Information from original data.

    • Secondary -
    ▫ comes from data that has been output as a result from
    processing other data.

    ▫ Secondary data is not reliable as sometimes it has been


    processed from primary data that is not up to date.
    Nature
    • Quantitative 

    • Qualitative 

    • Formal - Information provided according to


    some organizational procedure.

    • Informal - information that usually moves


    through informal routes such as conversation,
    newspaper report, e-mail.
    Level
    • Strategic - long term goals and performance

    • Tactical - short term management

    • Operational - Short term information relating


    to day to day operation of one part the
    organization - e.g. number of students to go on
    work experience.
    Time
    • Historical - Information based on data
    collected in the past - e.g. sales figures for the
    past year.

    • Current - Based on the latest data

    • Future - Information based on predicted or


    possibly known future data values.
    Frequency
    • Real Time - Real time information will be based on
    current data in a transaction processing application
    such as a supermarket.

    • Periodic – how often the information is put


    together - e.g. annual report, quarterly sales report. 
    The longer the period, the more likely it is that the
    information will be strategic rather than
    operational.

    • 
    Frequency
    • Use – Is it for strategic, tactical or operational
    use?

    • Planning – Information intended to help plan


    some future action

    • 
    Frequency
    • Control - Information used to control some
    process - e.g. the data output of sensors shows
    how an industrial plant is operating.

    • Decision - Information used to support


    decision-making - e.g. the holiday Rota would be
    used to decide if a particular employee could
    take time off.
    • 
    Form
    • The form that information is presented in will
    often be decided by the mechanism that is used
    to transmit it through the organization.
    Form
    • Written – Information is typed onto a piece of
    paper, a hard copy.  It is low tech, but really
    quite reliable.       

       
    Form
    • Visual – data/information is presented using
    visual aids such as charts, graphs, etc.                 
    Form
    •   Aural – This is when data is presented using
    speech.                                             
    Form
    • Sensory – this involves interacting with
    data/information using the senses.

    • Communication is often at its most effective if all


    the senses are involved.      
    Ways used to represent data
    Data can be represented using:
    • Character
    • String
    • Numeric
    • Aural-musical notes, morse codes
    • Visual
    • Musical symbols
    Ways to represent information
    • Text
    • Graphics
    • Videos
    • Special purpose notations (mathematical ,
    musical and scientific notations)
    • Graphical representations –graphs, charts and
    tables
    Graphical representations
    • A line graph is useful when identifying trends.

    • Pie charts are useful for showing values that


    can be compared.

    • bar charts are useful when many categories


    /values are compared.
    For additional reading:
    • http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/ICT_A2/
    Module_4/topic_4.htm

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