Psychology AND ITS Branches: 1 Year MSC Nursing, M.I.M.H

Psychology AND ITS
BRANCHES
Presented by :- Mr. Amit Subhan Tamboli

1st year Msc nursing,
M.I.M.H.
psychology
Introduction
 Psychology derived from two Greek words
 psyche logos
 (spirit or soul, mind) (study)
 Word- soul means spiritual or immortal elements in a person.
 William James used word mind instead of soul in 1890.
 Mind is abstract and could not be seen but behavior is what mind do.
Mind is a stream of consciousness.
INTRODUCTION
 The word psychology is derived from the Greek words'
psyche' and ' logy'/ 'logos'.
 Psyche means soul or spirit.
 Logy/logos mean science or rational discourse of a study.
 However, the meaning and interpretation of the word '
Psyche' has been in a state of change from time to time
leading to subsequent changes in the ways of defining the
term 'psychology' as may be evident from the following four
stages of its evolution
FOUR STAGES OF ITS EVOLUTION
First stage
By taking the meaning of the
Word ' psyche' as soul,
psychology Was first defined as
the 'study of soul'. However soon such interpretation
faced criticism like what is soul? How can it be studied?
and so on.
The inability to answer such questions leads to the
search for a new meaning of the word 'psyche'.
Second stage
At this stage, the philosopher cum
psychologists tried to define psychology
as the "study of mind" by giving a new
meaning and interpretation to the word 'psyche' in the
form of 'mind'.
• Although the word mind was less vague than
soul, it faced the same criticisms with questions like what is
mind? How can it be studied and so on?
THIRD STAGE
 The criticism and
unacceptability of the word
psyche as soul or mind lead
 The psychologists to a new search of its proper meaning
 The initiative was taken by famous psychologists like William James
(1890); Wilhem Wundt and Edward Bradford Tichener (1894) who
while interpreting psyche as consciousness, defined psychology as a
study of consciousness.
 This definition too was rejected on the ground that it
had a very narrow vision as it does not include the sub-
conscious or unconscious activities of the mind and also
due to the most subjective nature of the method of
introspection which it had taken into account

Fourth stage
This stage in the evolution of the definition of the subject of
psychology reflects the advent of the modern era of science and technology.
Consequently, in the definition of psychology the word' study' was replaced
by 'science'. The first psychologist who, besides using the word science in
place of study, replaced consciousness with total behaviour in 1905.
later in 1908, in his book „Introduction to Social Psychology‟, he added the
word 'behaviour' to his definition and finally in An Outline of Psychology,
gave the following meaningful definition:
“ Psychology is a science which aims to give us better understanding
and control of the behavior of the organism as a whole.”
Psychology- Definitions
 “Psychology is the study of human
behavior and human relationships”
-Crow and Crow
“Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour of living creatures
in their contact with outer world”
- Koffka, Kurt
“ Psychology is the positive science which studies the behavior of
men and animals, so far as that behavior is regarded as an
expression of that inner life of thought and feeling which we call
mental life”.
-James Drever
Why Psychology is science?
1. Method e.g. observation, recording, analysis etc.,
2. Cause and effect relationship
3. Study of facts : factual concepts like intelligence, memory, learning.
4. Universality. E.g., laws of learning applicable to universe.
5. Validity and reliability e.g., intelligence tests.
6. Verification e.g., research
7. Statistical analysis
8. Predictability e.g., theories and principles can predict the behavior of
person.
Nature of Psychology
• Nature of Psychology
 Psychology is scientific - It has practical realm
 It is an experiential science - It emphasizes the search for truth

 It’s method is scientific  -It helps in predicting future
developments
 It is factual  -It believes that every behavior has
its roots, and factors influencing or
nurturing it.
 It has a theoretical base  -Subjective ideas and opinions are
not considered significant in
the study of behavior in psychology
Psychology as a Positive Science
 We can divide all the sciences into two broad categories
 1) positive science –
While physical and life science are termed as positive
sciences,
2) normative science –
subjects like logic, philosophy and ethics are included
in the category of normative sciences
Functions of Psychology
 To understand human behavior
 To identify factors that influence
behavior
 To understand the individual difference
 To understand the causes of crimes and
their cure
 To treat mental illness
 To understand consumer taste
 To increase productivity in work places
 To find out individuals suitable for each
work
 To provide effective education
 To understand oneself and others
Branches of Psychology
Psychology can be classified
into two broad categories,
namely,
1)pure psychology
2)applied psychology.
Pure psychology -
provides the framework and

theory of the subject. It deals
with the formulation of
psychological principles and
theories and it also suggests
various methods and
techniques for the analysis,
assessment, modification and
improvement of behavior.
In applied psychology
The theory generated or
enunciate through pure
psychology finds its practical
expression.
Branches of Pure Psychology
 General Psychology:
This is a relatively large field
of psychology which deals
with the fundamental rules,
principles and theories of
psychology in relation to
the study of behavior of
normal human beings.
Abnormal Psychology
Abnormal psychology is the area that
looks at psychopathology and abnormal
behaviour. The term covers a broad
range of disorders, from depression to
obsession-compulsion to sexual
deviation and many more.

Social psychology
 This branch of psychology
deals with group behavior
and inter-relationships of
people among themselves.
Group dynamics , interests and
attitude, social distance and
prejudices of the people in
their personal and social
relationships are studied by this
branch.
Experimental Psychology
Experimental psychology is
the branch of psychology that
utilizes scientific methods to
research the brain and
behaviour.
Developmental Psychology
This branch of psychology looks at
development throughout the lifespan,
from childhood to adulthood. The
scientific study of human development
seeks to understand and explain how and
why people change throughout life.

Physiological psychology
 This branch of psychology

describes and explains the
biological and physiological basis
of behavior. The internal
environment and physiological
structure of the body, particularly
the brain, nervous system and
functioning of the glands in
relation to the cognitive and
affective behaviour of human
beings comprise its subject-matter
Para psychology
 This new branch of

psychology deals with
extra Sensory perception,
precognition, causes of
claimed rebirth, telepathy
and allied phenomena
Branches of Applied Psychology
 Clinical Psychology
This branch of applied psychology
describes and explains the causes of
mental illness and abnormal
behavior of a patient attending a
clinic or hospital and suggests
individual or group therapy for
treatment and effective adjustment
of the affected person in society
Educational Psychology
Educational psychology is the
branch of psychology
concerned with schools,
teaching psychology,
educational issues and student
concerns.
Industrial Psychology
 This branch of applied psychology

seeks application of the
psychological principles, theories
and techniques for the study of
human behaviour in relation to the
industrial environment.
Legal Psychology
 : It is the branch of applied
psychology which studies the
behavior of clients, criminals,
witnesses etc. in their respective
surroundings with the application
of psychological principles and
techniques
Behavioural Psychology
Behavioral psychology, also
known as behaviorism, is a theory
of learning based upon the idea
that all behaviors are acquired
through conditioning.
Biopsychology
The branch of psychology focused on the
study of how the brain influences behavior is
often known as biopsychology, although it
has also been called physiological
psychology, behavioral neuroscience and
psychobiology.
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is the
branch of psychology that focuses
on internal states, such as
motivation, problem solving,
decision-making, thinking and
attention.
Comparative Psychology
Comparative psychology is the branch of
psychology concerned with the study of
animal behaviour. The study of animal
behaviour can lead to a deeper and
broader understanding of human
psychology.
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Cross-cultural psychology is a
branch of psychology that looks at
how cultural factors influence
human behavior.
Forensic Psychology
Forensic psychology is a
specialty area that deals
with issues related to
psychology and the law.

SUMMARY
 Introduction
 Evolution of psychology
 Definition of psychology
 Psychology as a science
 Nature of psychology
 Function of science
 Branches of psychology
Assignments
conclusion
References
Psychology for nurses, general and educational psychology,
third edition, jacob anthicard ,
jaypee publication,pg.no.01-07
Psychology for nurses , krishne gowda ,second edition,
unit 1, introduction to psychology, pg.no. 01-09
Psychology and sociology for nurses, jaypee publication,
jacob anthicard, pg.no.01-06
D. & Mitterer, J.O.(2008). Psychology: A Journey. (3rd edition) Delhi
(India): Thomson Wadsworth.
Morgan, C. T., King, R. A., Weisz, J. R. & Schopler, J. (1986). Introduction to
Psychology (7th edition). New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill
T.Parameswaran, E.G. & Beena, C. (1988). Invitation to
Psychology. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited.
Parameswaran, E.G. & Beena, C. (2002) An Invitation to
Psychology. Hyderabad, (India): Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd..

Rush, Harold M.F.(1972).The world of work and the behavioural
sciences: A
Thanks for watching

Psychology AND ITS Branches: 1 Year MSC Nursing, M.I.M.H

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Psychology AND ITS Branches: 1 Year MSC Nursing, M.I.M.H

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Psychology AND ITS Branches: 1 Year MSC Nursing, M.I.M.H

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the four stages of evolution of psychology?

What are the four stages of evolution of psychology?

What are some of the branches of psychology discussed in the text?

What are some of the branches of psychology discussed in the text?

Psychology AND ITS

Presented by :- Mr. Amit Subhan Tamboli

 The psychologists to a new search of its proper meaning

 The initiative was taken by famous psychologists like William James

(1890); Wilhem Wundt and Edward Bradford Tichener (1894) who

while interpreting psyche as consciousness, defined psychology as a

had a very narrow vision as it does not include the sub-

conscious or unconscious activities of the mind and also

due to the most subjective nature of the method of

introspection which it had taken into account

 It is an experiential science - It emphasizes the search for truth

provides the framework and

The theory generated or

enunciate through pure

psychology finds its practical

Abnormal psychology is the area that

looks at psychopathology and abnormal

behaviour. The term covers a broad

range of disorders, from depression to

deviation and many more.

the branch of psychology that

utilizes scientific methods to

research the brain and

This branch of psychology looks at

development throughout the lifespan,

from childhood to adulthood. The

scientific study of human development

seeks to understand and explain how and

why people change throughout life.

 This branch of psychology

 This new branch of

Educational psychology is the

concerned with schools,

educational issues and student

 This branch of applied psychology

Behavioral psychology, also

known as behaviorism, is a theory

of learning based upon the idea

that all behaviors are acquired

The branch of psychology focused on the

study of how the brain influences behavior is

often known as biopsychology, although it

has also been called physiological

psychology, behavioral neuroscience and

Cognitive psychology is the

branch of psychology that focuses

on internal states, such as

motivation, problem solving,

decision-making, thinking and

Comparative psychology is the branch of

psychology concerned with the study of

animal behaviour. The study of animal

behaviour can lead to a deeper and

broader understanding of human

branch of psychology that looks at