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    Conti. Lecture 7 Critical Radius of Insulation

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    Umar Akmal
    The rate of heat transfer from a cylindrical pipe increases with the addition of insulation for outer radii less than the critical radius, reaches a maximum at the critical radius, and then decreases for outer radii greater than the critical radius. The critical radius is determined by taking the derivative of the heat transfer equation with respect to the outer radius and setting it equal to zero. For lumped system analysis to be valid, the Biot number must be small, meaning conduction within the body is much greater than convection at the surface. This allows the interior temperature of the body to remain uniform over time.

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    Conti. Lecture 7 Critical Radius of Insulation

    Uploaded by

    Umar Akmal
    17 views22 pages
    The rate of heat transfer from a cylindrical pipe increases with the addition of insulation for outer radii less than the critical radius, reaches a maximum at the critical radius, and then decreases for outer radii greater than the critical radius. The critical radius is determined by taking the derivative of the heat transfer equation with respect to the outer radius and setting it equal to zero. For lumped system analysis to be valid, the Biot number must be small, meaning conduction within the body is much greater than convection at the surface. This allows the interior temperature of the body to remain uniform over time.

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    Lectures 8

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    The rate of heat transfer from a cylindrical pipe increases with the addition of insulation for outer radii less than the critical radius, reaches a maximum at the critical radius, and then decreases for outer radii greater than the critical radius. The critical radius is determined by taking the derivative of the heat transfer equation with respect to the outer radius and setting it equal to zero. For lumped system analysis to be valid, the Biot number must be small, meaning conduction within the body is much greater than convection at the surface. This allows the interior temperature of the body to remain uniform over time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views22 pages

    Conti. Lecture 7 Critical Radius of Insulation

    Uploaded by

    Umar Akmal
    The rate of heat transfer from a cylindrical pipe increases with the addition of insulation for outer radii less than the critical radius, reaches a maximum at the critical radius, and then decreases for outer radii greater than the critical radius. The critical radius is determined by taking the derivative of the heat transfer equation with respect to the outer radius and setting it equal to zero. For lumped system analysis to be valid, the Biot number must be small, meaning conduction within the body is much greater than convection at the surface. This allows the interior temperature of the body to remain uniform over time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Conti.

    Lecture 7
    CRITICAL RADIUS OF INSULATION
    • The thicker the insulation, the lower the heat
    transfer rate. This is expected, since the heat
    transfer area A is constant, and
    • adding insulation always increases the thermal
    resistance of the wall without increasing the
    convection resistance.
    • Consider a cylindrical pipe of outer radius r1 whose outer
    surface temperature T1 is maintained constant.
    • The pipe is now insulated with a material whose thermal
    conductivity is k and outer radius is r2.
    • Heat is lost from the pipe to the surrounding medium at
    temperature T, with a convection heat transfer coefficient
    h.
    • The rate of heat transfer from the insulated pipe to the
    surrounding air can be expressed as
    The variation of Q
    • The value of r2 at which Q reaches a maximum is determined from
    the requirement that dQ/dr2=0 (zero slope).
    • Performing the differentiation and solving for r2 yields the critical
    radius of insulation for a cylindrical body to be

    The rate of heat transfer from the cylinder


    increases with the addition of insulation for r2˂
    rcr, reaches a maximum when r2=rcr, and starts
    to decrease for r2 ˃ rcr.

    Thus, insulating the pipe may actually increase


    the rate of heat transfer from the pipe instead of
    decreasing it when r2 ˂ rcr.
    EXAMPLE 3–9
    Solve problems
    • 3-86C
    • 3-87C
    • 3-88
    • 3-89
    Lecture 8 : TRANSIENT HEAT
    CONDUCTION
    LUMPED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
    TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER
    • The temperature of a body, in general, varies with time as
    well as position. In rectangular coordinates, this variation
    is expressed as
    • T(x, y, z, t), where (x, y, z) indicates variation in the x, y,
    and z directions, respectively, and t indicates variation
    with time.
    TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER-types
    • lumped systems in which the temperature of a
    solid varies with time but remains uniform
    throughout the solid at any time.
    • 1D: The variation of temperature with time as well
    as position for one-dimensional heat conduction
    problems (i.e. large plane wall, a long cylinder.)
    • Transient heat conduction in multidimensional
    systems
    LUMPED SYSTEM
    Some bodies are observed to
    behave like a “lump” whose
    interior temperature remains
    essentially uniform at all times
    during a heat transfer process.
    The temperature of such bodies
    can be taken to be a function of
    time only, T(t).
    • Consider a body of arbitrary shape of mass m, volume V, surface
    area A, Density , and specific heat Cp initially at a uniform
    temperature Ti
    • At time t 0, the body is placed into a medium at temperature T,
    and heat transfer takes place between the body and its
    environment, with a heat transfer coefficient h.
    • For the sake of discussion, we will assume that T͚ › Ti, but the
    analysis is equally valid for the opposite case.
    Criterion for Lumped System Analysis
    • Note that the Biot number is the ratio of the convection at the
    surface to conduction within the body, and this number
    should be as small as possible for lumped system analysis to
    be applicable.
    • Therefore, small bodies with high thermal conductivity are
    good candidates for lumped system analysis,
    TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION IN LARGE
    PLANE WALLS
    Note that the temperature at the center of the wall remains at Ti until t
    = t2, and that the temperature profile within the wall remains
    symmetric at all times about the center plane. The temperature profile
    gets flatter and flatter as time passes as a result of heat transfer, and
    eventually becomes uniform at T = Ta That is, the wall reaches thermal
    equilibrium with its surroundings. At that point, the heat transfer stops
    since there is no longer a temperature difference. Similar discussions
    can be given for the long cylinder or sphere.
    Task
    • 4–1C
    • 4–2C
    • 4–9C
    • 4–14
    • 4–17
    • 4–18

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