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    He Ne

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    IBN E MARYAM
    Helium-neon Laser The helium-neon laser, also called a HeNe laser, operates at 632.8 nm in the red portion of the visible spectrum. It works by exciting helium atoms to metastable states, which then efficiently transfer their energy to neon atoms through collisions. This process of optical amplification allows the HeNe laser to function as a continuous wave laser when placed between highly reflective mirrors. Common applications of the HeNe laser include reading barcodes, measurements, holography, and laboratory demonstrations due to its low cost, ease of use, and narrow visible beam.

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    He Ne

    Uploaded by

    IBN E MARYAM
    174 views11 pages
    Helium-neon Laser The helium-neon laser, also called a HeNe laser, operates at 632.8 nm in the red portion of the visible spectrum. It works by exciting helium atoms to metastable states, which then efficiently transfer their energy to neon atoms through collisions. This process of optical amplification allows the HeNe laser to function as a continuous wave laser when placed between highly reflective mirrors. Common applications of the HeNe laser include reading barcodes, measurements, holography, and laboratory demonstrations due to its low cost, ease of use, and narrow visible beam.

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    He Ne laser

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    He-Ne

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    Helium-neon Laser The helium-neon laser, also called a HeNe laser, operates at 632.8 nm in the red portion of the visible spectrum. It works by exciting helium atoms to metastable states, which then efficiently transfer their energy to neon atoms through collisions. This process of optical amplification allows the HeNe laser to function as a continuous wave laser when placed between highly reflective mirrors. Common applications of the HeNe laser include reading barcodes, measurements, holography, and laboratory demonstrations due to its low cost, ease of use, and narrow visible beam.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    174 views11 pages

    He Ne

    Uploaded by

    IBN E MARYAM
    Helium-neon Laser The helium-neon laser, also called a HeNe laser, operates at 632.8 nm in the red portion of the visible spectrum. It works by exciting helium atoms to metastable states, which then efficiently transfer their energy to neon atoms through collisions. This process of optical amplification allows the HeNe laser to function as a continuous wave laser when placed between highly reflective mirrors. Common applications of the HeNe laser include reading barcodes, measurements, holography, and laboratory demonstrations due to its low cost, ease of use, and narrow visible beam.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Helium-neon Laser

    Introduction
    • A helium-neon laser, usually called a He-Ne laser, is a
    type of small gas laser. HeNe lasers have many industrial
    and scientific uses, and are often used in laboratory
    demonstrations of optics.
    • He-Ne laser is a four-level laser.
    • Its usual operation wavelength is 632.8 nm, in the red
    portion of the visible spectrum.
    • It operates in Continuous Working (CW) mode.
    • The Helium-Neon laser was the first continuous laser.
    Construction of He-Ne laser
    • The setups consists of a discharge tube of length 80 cm and bore diameter of 1.5cm.
    • mixture of helium and neon gases, in approximately a 10:1 ratio, contained at low
    pressure in a glass envelope. The energy or pump source of the laser is provided by a
    high voltage electrical discharge passed through the gas between electrodes (anode
    and cathode) within the tube.
    • A DC current of 3 to 20 mA is typically required for CW operation. The optical cavity
    of the laser usually consists of two concave mirrors or one plane and one concave
    mirror, one having very high (typically 99.9%) reflectance and the output coupler
    mirror allowing approximately 1% transmission.
    • Commercial HeNe lasers are relatively small devices, among gas lasers, having cavity
    lengths usually ranging from 15 cm to 50 cm (but sometimes up to about 1 meter to
    achieve the highest powers), and optical output power levels ranging from 0.5 to 50
    mW.
    • The mechanism producing population inversion and light amplification in a HeNe laser
    plasma originates with inelastic collision of energetic electrons with ground state
    helium atoms in the gas mixture. As shown in the accompanying energy level
    diagram, these collisions excite helium atoms from the ground state to higher energy
    excited states, among them the 23S1 and 21S0 long-lived metastable states. Because
    of a fortuitous near coincidence between the energy levels of the two He metastable
    states, and the 3s2 and 2s2 (Paschen notation) levels of neon, collisions between
    these helium metastable atoms and ground state neon atoms results in a selective
    and efficient transfer of excitation energy from the helium to neon.
    Construction of He-Ne laser
    • This excitation energy transfer process is given by the reaction equation:
    He*(23S1) + Ne1S0 → He(1S0) + Ne*2s2 + ΔE

    • The remaining step in utilizing optical amplification to create an optical oscillator is to place
    highly reflecting mirrors at each end of the amplifying medium so that a wave in a particular
    spatial mode will reflect back upon itself, gaining more power in each pass than is lost due to
    resulting in a stable continuous laser beam output through the front (typically 99% reflecting)
    mirror.
    • where (*) represents an excited state, and ΔE is the small energy difference
    between the energy states of the two atoms, of the order of 0.05 eV or 387
    cm−1, which is supplied by kinetic energy
    Construction of He-Ne laser
    • The gain bandwidth of the HeNe laser is dominated by Doppler broadening rather than
    pressure broadening due to the low gas pressure, and is thus quite narrow: only about 1.5 GHz
    full width The visible output of the red HeNe laser, long coherence length, and its excellent
    spatial quality

    • Prior to the invention of cheap, abundant diode lasers, red HeNe lasers were widely used in
    barcode scanners at supermarket checkout counters.
    • HeNe lasers are generally present in educational and research optical laboratories.
    Energy level diagram of a HeNe laser
    Applications of He-Ne laser
    • The Narrow red beam of He-Ne laser is used
    in supermarkets to read bar codes.

    • Measuring distances

    • Red HeNe lasers have many industrial and scientific


    uses. They are widely used in laboratory
    demonstrations of optics in view of their relatively
    low cost and ease of operation compared to other
    visible lasers (however since about 1990
    semiconductor lasers have offered a lower cost
    alternative for many such applications).
    • A consumer application of the red HeNe laser is the
    Laser Disc player, made by Pioneer. The laser is
    used in the device to read the optical disk.

    • guided “smart” weapons


    The Narrow red beam of He-Ne laser is
    used in supermarkets to read bar codes.
    The He- Ne Laser is used in Holography
    in producing the 3D images of objects.
    He-Ne lasers have many industrial and
    scientific uses, and are often used in
    laboratory demonstrations of optics.
    Thanks
    For Your
    Attention

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