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    Akuntansi Biaya

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    Reyhan Pratama
    Job order costing is an accounting system that accumulates costs by individual job or order. It traces direct material, direct labor, and overhead costs to individual jobs. A job can be a unique product or specialized service. Costs are assigned to jobs using a predetermined overhead allocation rate. At completion, job costs are transferred to finished goods inventory and later to cost of goods sold. The manufacturing overhead account is adjusted at period end if actual overhead differs from allocated amounts. Service companies use job order costing similarly but do not have inventory costs, tracing only direct labor and allocating overhead.

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    Akuntansi Biaya

    Uploaded by

    Reyhan Pratama
    62 views41 pages
    Job order costing is an accounting system that accumulates costs by individual job or order. It traces direct material, direct labor, and overhead costs to individual jobs. A job can be a unique product or specialized service. Costs are assigned to jobs using a predetermined overhead allocation rate. At completion, job costs are transferred to finished goods inventory and later to cost of goods sold. The manufacturing overhead account is adjusted at period end if actual overhead differs from allocated amounts. Service companies use job order costing similarly but do not have inventory costs, tracing only direct labor and allocating overhead.

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    Job order costing is an accounting system that accumulates costs by individual job or order. It traces direct material, direct labor, and overhead costs to individual jobs. A job can be a unique product or specialized service. Costs are assigned to jobs using a predetermined overhead allocation rate. At completion, job costs are transferred to finished goods inventory and later to cost of goods sold. The manufacturing overhead account is adjusted at period end if actual overhead differs from allocated amounts. Service companies use job order costing similarly but do not have inventory costs, tracing only direct labor and allocating overhead.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    62 views41 pages

    Akuntansi Biaya

    Uploaded by

    Reyhan Pratama
    Job order costing is an accounting system that accumulates costs by individual job or order. It traces direct material, direct labor, and overhead costs to individual jobs. A job can be a unique product or specialized service. Costs are assigned to jobs using a predetermined overhead allocation rate. At completion, job costs are transferred to finished goods inventory and later to cost of goods sold. The manufacturing overhead account is adjusted at period end if actual overhead differs from allocated amounts. Service companies use job order costing similarly but do not have inventory costs, tracing only direct labor and allocating overhead.

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    of 41

    Job Order Costing

    Reyhan Atallah Syah Pratama 195020200111007


    Apa itu Job Order Costing? 1

    Suatu metode perhitungan dimana biaya produksi yang


    dikumpulkan nantinya akan dibebankan dan menjadi
    biaya ke unit produksi. Biaya ini bisa dikatakan sebagai
    biaya berdasarkan pesanan.
    Bagaimana Perusahaan Manufaktur 2
    Menggunakan Job Order Costing?

    • Biaya produk diakumulasikan dalam sistem akuntansi


    biaya.
    • Mengetahui biaya unit membantu untuk:
    • Menetapkan harga jual yang akan menghasilkan
    keuntungan
    • Menghitung harga pokok penjualan untuk laporan laba
    rugi
    • Menghitung biaya persediaan untuk neraca saldo
    Bagaimana Perusahaan Manufaktur 3
    Menggunakan Job Order Costing?
    Job Order Costing 4

    Job A job order costing


    order Unique
    costing system is an
    products
    accounting system that
    system
    accumulates costs by
    Costs job.
    accumulated
    by job A job is the production
    of a unique product or
    specialized service. May
    be one unit or a batch
    of units.
    Process Costing 5

    Process
    A process costing
    system
    costing system is an accounting
    Identical
    units system that accumulates
    costs by process. It is used
    Costs when companies
    accumulated
    manufacture identical
    by process
    units.
    Record materials and labor
    costs in a job order costing
    system
    Materials 7

    • Purchasing materials:

    – Often stored for later usage

    • Using materials in production:

    – Direct materials

    – Indirect materials

    • Note: Materials purchased and materials used in


    production are usually different amounts.
    Purchasing Materials 8

    •Transaction 1—Materials Purchased: During 2018,


    Smart Touch Learning purchased raw materials of $367,000
    on account.
    Purchasing Materials 9
    Using Materials 10

    A
    materials
    requisition is
    a request to
    transfer
    materials to
    the
    production
    floor.
    Using Materials 11
    Using Materials 12

    •Transaction 2—Materials Used: In 2018, Smart


    Touch Learning used direct materials costing $355,000 and
    indirect materials costing $17,000. The $17,000 of indirect
    materials are transferred from Raw Materials Inventory to
    Work-in-Process through the Manufacturing Overhead
    account.
    Labor 13

    Most companies
    use electronic
    labor/time to
    track labor costs.

    If a manual
    system is used,
    each employee
    completes a labor
    time record to
    track and assign
    direct labor to
    jobs.
    Labor 14

    •Transaction 3—Labor Costs Incurred: During


    2018, Smart Touch Learning incurred total labor costs of
    $197,000, of which
    •$169,000 was direct labor and $28,000 was indirect labor.
    Calculate the predetermined
    overhead allocation rate and
    allocate overhead costs
    How Do Overhead Costs Flow Through the 16
    Job Order Costing System?

    Transactions 4–7—Actual Overhead Costs Incurred: In


    addition to indirect materials and indirect labor, other
    overhead costs are incurred:

    • Depreciation on manufacturing plant and


    equipment of $20,000

    • Plant utilities of $7,000

    • Plant insurance of $6,000

    • Plant property taxes incurred but not yet paid of


    $5,000
    How Do Overhead Costs Flow Through the 17
    Job Order Costing System?
    Before the Period—Calculating the 18
    Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate

    • Actual manufacturing overhead costs are not known until


    the end of the period.
    • Managers use a predetermined overhead allocation
    rate to allocate costs to jobs before the end of the
    period.
    – An allocation base links the overhead costs to jobs.
    – The primary cost driver causes an increase or a
    decrease in the cost.
    Before the Period—Calculating 19
    Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate

    • Common manufacturing company cost drivers are:

    – Direct labor hours (for labor-intensive


    production environments)

    – Direct labor cost (for labor-intensive


    production environments)

    – Machine hours (for machine-intensive


    production environments)
    During the Period—Allocating Overhead 20
    During the Period—Allocating Overhead 21

    • Transaction 8—Overhead Allocation: Smart Touch


    Learning’s total direct labor cost for 2018 was
    $169,000. Using an overhead allocation rate of 40%,
    Manufacturing Overhead is $67,600.
    At the End of the Period—Adjusting for
    Overallocated and Underallocated 22
    Overhead

    • Overhead costs are allocated based on a predetermined


    overhead allocation rate.

    • Manufacturing Overhead is a temporary account and


    must have a zero balance at the end of the period.

    – A debit signifies actual overhead was greater than


    allocated overhead.

    – A credit signifies actual overhead was less than the


    allocated overhead.
    Record the completion
    and sales of finished
    goods
    What Happens When Products Are 24
    Completed and Sold?

    • After accumulating, assigning, and allocating the


    costs of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead to
    jobs, a company:

    – Accounts for the completion of jobs

    – Accounts for the sale of jobs

    – Adjusts Manufacturing Overhead at the end of the


    period
    Transferring Costs to Finished Goods 25
    Inventory

    Transaction 9—Jobs Completed: The


    $644,600 Cost of Goods Manufactured is the cost of all jobs
    Smart Touch Learning completed during 2018.
    Transferring Costs to Cost of Goods
    Sold

    Transaction 10—Jobs Sold: During 2018, sales on


    account were $1,200,000.
    Transferring Costs to Cost of Goods
    Sold 17-28

    Transaction 11—Cost of Jobs Sold: The cost of all jobs


    that Smart Touch Learning sold during 2018 was
    $584,600.
    Adjust for overallocated
    and underallocated
    overhead
    How Is the Manufacturing Overhead 29
    Account Adjusted?

    • Companies must adjust the Manufacturing Overhead


    account for any over- or underallocation of overhead.

    • Underallocated overhead occurs when actual


    manufacturing overhead costs are more than
    allocated manufacturing overhead costs.

    • Overallocated overhead costs occur when the


    actual manufacturing overhead costs are less than
    allocated manufacturing overhead costs.
    How Is the Manufacturing Overhead 30
    Account Adjusted?

    •Transaction 12—Adjusting Manufacturing


    Overhead: A credit to Manufacturing Overhead of
    $15,400 is needed to bring the account balance to zero.
    How Is the Manufacturing Overhead 31
    Account Adjusted?
    Summary 32
    Summary 33
    Summary 34
    Summary 35
    Summary 36
    Summary 17-38
    Calculate job costs for a
    service company
    How Do Service Companies Use a Job 39
    Order Costing System?

    • Service companies do not have inventory or manufacturing


    costs.

    • Trace direct labor to jobs.

    • Allocate overhead costs to jobs:

    1. Compute the predetermined overhead allocation


    rate.

    2. Allocate indirect costs to jobs, using the


    predetermined overhead allocation rate.

    • Use the costing information to make pricing decisions.


    Thank
    You

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