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    Asesmen Lokasi Serangan Teroris Menggunakan Teori "Evil Done"

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    Still Why
    The document discusses using the "EVIL DONE" theory to assess locations that may be vulnerable to terrorist attacks. It explains that the EVIL DONE framework evaluates eight elements: Exposed, Vital, Iconic, Legitimate, Destructible, Occupied, Near, and Easy. Locations that have more applicable elements are considered more vulnerable. Each element is defined, and it is proposed that assessments involve scoring each indicator to obtain an overall vulnerability rating to guide security planning.

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    Asesmen Lokasi Serangan Teroris Menggunakan Teori "Evil Done"

    Uploaded by

    Still Why
    49 views17 pages
    The document discusses using the "EVIL DONE" theory to assess locations that may be vulnerable to terrorist attacks. It explains that the EVIL DONE framework evaluates eight elements: Exposed, Vital, Iconic, Legitimate, Destructible, Occupied, Near, and Easy. Locations that have more applicable elements are considered more vulnerable. Each element is defined, and it is proposed that assessments involve scoring each indicator to obtain an overall vulnerability rating to guide security planning.

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    ASESMEN LOKASI SERANGAN TERORIS MENGGUNAKAN TEORI " evil done "

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    evil done

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    The document discusses using the "EVIL DONE" theory to assess locations that may be vulnerable to terrorist attacks. It explains that the EVIL DONE framework evaluates eight elements: Exposed, Vital, Iconic, Legitimate, Destructible, Occupied, Near, and Easy. Locations that have more applicable elements are considered more vulnerable. Each element is defined, and it is proposed that assessments involve scoring each indicator to obtain an overall vulnerability rating to guide security planning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views17 pages

    Asesmen Lokasi Serangan Teroris Menggunakan Teori "Evil Done"

    Uploaded by

    Still Why
    The document discusses using the "EVIL DONE" theory to assess locations that may be vulnerable to terrorist attacks. It explains that the EVIL DONE framework evaluates eight elements: Exposed, Vital, Iconic, Legitimate, Destructible, Occupied, Near, and Easy. Locations that have more applicable elements are considered more vulnerable. Each element is defined, and it is proposed that assessments involve scoring each indicator to obtain an overall vulnerability rating to guide security planning.

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    ASESMEN LOKASI SERANGAN

    TERORIS MENGGUNAKAN
    TEORI “EVIL DONE”
    DR. SUPARDI HAMID, M.SI
    LANDASAN TEORI

     ROUNTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY, konvergensi antara motivated offender,


    suitable targets, dan absence of capable guardian
     RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY, kejahatan dilakukan setelah pelaku kejahatan
    mempertimbangkan manfaat dan resiko kejahatan
     CRIME PATTERN THEORY, kejahatan yang terjadi secara berulang
    sesungguhnya akibat overlap atara aktivitas target dan pelaku, memiliki pola-pola
    yang relative tetap sehingga dapat diprediksi
    SEGITIGA KEJAHATAN GANDA
    Research has concluded that terrorists devote a large
    amount of time to selecting a location that suits specific
    intentions (Clarke & Newman, 2006).
    Thus, just as terrorists seek the most vulnerable places as
    possible targets, it is important to identify the most
    vulnerable places in order to prioritize SCP efforts.
    Additionally, because terrorists have many different
    objectives, the kind of targets they select will be consistent
    with their motivations.
    Kerentanan target

     Theavailability of tools and the degree of facilitating


    conditions in a certain area can further contribute to the
    vulnerability of a place.
     Thefour pillars of opportunity (targets, weapons, tools,
    and facilitation conditions) can be reduced through
    implementing SCP strategies.
    Unit Analisis

    Research conducted by Boba (2009) breaks down the


    examination of terrorism opportunity and SCP into three
    units of analysis (UOA) which include:
     (1) a specific target under a specific threat,
     (2) a general threat to a specific target,
     (3) a general threat to a general target
    EVIL DONE
     The primary purpose of EVIL DONE is to be the first step in identifying vulnerable targets through identifying
    features of specific locations that make it more vulnerable to attack (Clarke & Newman, 2006).
     The elements of EVIL DONE include:
    a. Exposed,
    b. Vital,
    c. Iconic,
    d. Legitimate,
    e. Destructible,
    f. Occupied,
    g. Near, and
    h. Easy
    (Clarke & Newman, 2006).
     The more elements that apply to a location, the more vulnerable the target is to terrorism
    exposed

     Adalah kondisi target yang menarik perhatian


     Lokasi yang terbuka akan lebih menarik ketimbang yang
    tersembunyi di antara banyak gedung
     Kondisi eksposed sangat tergantung pada kondisi
    lingkungan di sekitar
    vital
     Target disebut vital bila memiliki peranan yang sangat
    penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat
     Fasilitas
    umum seperti transportasi, pembangkit energy,
    suplay makanan, fasilitas air bersih merupakan target yang
    dipersepsi sebagai target vital
     Target
    semacam ini menarik bagi teroris karena bila
    mengalami gangguan atau tidak beroperasi akan
    memberikan dampak luas dan menakutkan bagi publik
    Iconic

     Iconic refers to the symbolic value of the specific location.


     Symbols that represent the nation’s power and unity are
    attractive to terrorists who seek to figuratively impair the
    strength of the country
     Semakin kuat symbol yang direpresentasi oleh target maka
    akan semakin besar dampak yang ditimbulkannya jika
    diserang
    legitimate
     Legitimate targets include those that will bring about a positive
    reaction from the supporters of the terrorist or the terrorist
    organization.
     Consistent with the idea that terrorists are rational beings, they seek
    to maximize positive reinforcements and avoid condemnation, or
    negative consequences.
     Therefore, terrorists seek targets that will be viewed as Legitimate,
    which typically include locations housing military and government
    officials.
    destructible

     Destructible refers to the ability to destroy the target/location or kill a


    targeted person.
     Although all targets are destructible in some way, some locations are
    more durable than others, and some persons are more heavily
    protected than others.
     Thus, the Destructible element refers to “the amount and
    accessibility of weapons required to destroy a target” (Boba, 2009,
    p.14)
    Occupied
     Occupied targets include those that house a large amount of people.
     Terrorists characteristically seek to harm as many people as possible in
    order to strengthen their purpose (increase fear, increase legitimacy, etc.).
     Locations with high population densities provide the greatest
    opportunities for terrorists to exert great harm and establish fear among
    the targeted community.
     The Occupied element is dependent on timing as some locations may be
    heavily occupied only during certain times of the day or certain periods
    in the year.
    Near

     Near refers to the distance from which the location is to the terrorist’s home or
    the terrorist organization’s abode.
     Crime pattern theory and criminological studies have emphasized that offenders
    prefer targets that are closer to home and rarely travel large distances to commit
    crimes.
     This theory holds true for terrorism in that terrorists prefer opportunities in
    locations that they are familiar with and require less travel.
     Targets that are near home are not only easier to attack, but also easier to
    escape from
    Easy

     Easy targets include those that are weakly protected or are accessible to the
    public.
     It refers to the effort required to obtain access to the locations based on the
    provided security measures
     Target yang dipersepsi mudah adalah apabila tidak diperlukan upaya yg besar
    untukmendekati atau memasukinya dan untuk melakukan serangan terhadap
    target tersebut
    Pengukuran

     Setiap target dapat dialkukan asesmen kerentanan berdasarkan masing-masing


    elemen
     Masing-masing elemen dapat ditemukan indikatornya
     Masing-masing indicator dapat diberikan skor (1 sd 10)
     Total skor masing-masing elemen kemudian diakumulasi untuk memberikan
    penilaian tingkat kerentanan
     Tingkat kerentanan dapat digunakan sebagai landasan untuk merancang dan
    menentukan pola pengamanan serta sumber daya yang diperlukan
    Sekian
    Terimakasih

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