Blood Collection: Islamic University - Gaza (IUG)
Blood Collection: Islamic University - Gaza (IUG)
Blood Collection: Islamic University - Gaza (IUG)
• The median cubital vein, the preferred one to use, is found close to
the center.
• Intravenous therapy
• Venous blood sample
• Parenteral nutrition
Anticoagulants
• Most hematology and coagulation procedures must be
performed on whole blood or plasma. There for, as soon
as the blood is withdrawn from the patient, it is mixed
with an anticoagulant to prevent coagulation. The three
most commonly used anticoagulants in the hematology
laboratory are discussed below:
:EDTA -1
• Is generally available as the sodium, dipotassium or
tripotassium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. It
is used in concentration of 1.5(±.25).
• EDTA prevents coagulation by binding the calcium in
the blood (calcium is required for blood coagulation).
:Excessive concentration of EDTA cause
:Heparin -3
• May be used in concentration of 15 to 30 units/ml of
whole blood. its may cause clumping of platelets and
white cells.
• Coagulation is prevented by interaction with anti
thrombin III and subsequent inhibition of thrombin.
Equipments
(Instruments)
Blood Collection tubes
• glass or plastic tube
with a rubber stopper.
• It has a vacuum so
that blood will flow
into the tube.
• anticoagulants and/or
other chemical
additives.
Blood collection tubes
• Rubber stoppers of
blood collection tubes
are color coded.
• Each type of stopper
indicates a different
additive or a different
tube type.
Blood collection tubes: Safety
• The rubber stopper is
positioned inside the
plastic shield
Syringes
Needles
Needles
• Different sizes.
• size =gauge.
• The larger the needle, the smaller the
gauge number.
• 21 or 22 gauge needle is mostly used.
Needle Components
Single Draw Needle
• Single draw needles
are of the type that fit
on a syringe, and can
be used only to fill the
syringe to which they
are connected.
Butterfly Needle
• Winged infusion set
• Difficult venipunctures
including pediatric
draws
• with a syringe or a
holder and vacuum
collection tube
system.
• 21, 23, or 25 gauge.
Lancets
• Lancets are used for
difficult
venipunctures,
including pediatric
draws.
Tourniquets
• Vein easier to SEE, FEEL and PUNCTURE
Sterilization
Bandaging Material
Gloves
• Gloves must be worn
for all procedures
requiring vascular
access.
• Non-powdered latex
gloves are most
commonly used;
Sharp Disposal Container
Collecting Blood
Greeting
• Always greet patient in a professional,
friendly manner.
• A good initial impression will earn the
patients trust, and make it easier and more
pleasant to draw a good specimen.
• Identify yourself by name and department.
• Explain the reason for your presence.
Technical Tip
• The more relaxed and trusting your
patient, the greater chance of a successful
non traumatic venipuncture.
• Safe
• Quick
• Small amount of blood
• Increased use
Capillary Puncture Sites
• Fingertip Fingertip •
• Great toe Great toe •
• Heel Heel •
Lancets
• Sterile
• Single-use
• Different lengths
Finger stick-Specimen collection
• A safety Lancet,
which controls the
depth of incision
Finger stick
• If possible, use the fourth (ring)
finger or the middle finger.
• Many patients prefer that you
use fingers on their
nondominant hand.
• Choose a puncture site near
the right or left edge of the
finger tip.
• Clean the site as you would for
routine venipuncture.
Finger stick
• Select a safety lancet
appropriate for the size of the
patient’s finger.
• You may warm the finger prior
to puncture to increase blood
flow.
• Make the puncture
perpendicular, rather than
parallel, to the finger print.
Finger stick
• Wipe away the first
drop of blood using
gauze to remove
tissue fluid
contamination.
Finger stick
• Collect blood into an
appropriate tube.
• Label specimens
appropriately.
• Make sure bleeding
has stopped. Apply an
adhesive bandage if
necessary.
• Discard sharps
appropriately.
• Peform finger or
heel puncture
across the
fingerprints as the
blood will more
likely bead rather
than run down the
"channels" of the
fingerprints.
Heel stick
• Veins of small
children and infants
are too small for
venipuncture;
• Butterfly needles may
be used to collect
venous blood in older
children.
Heel stick
• Firmly grasp the infants foot.
• Do not use a tourniquet.
• The heel may be warmed with
a cloth to help increase blood
flow.
• Wipe the collection site with an
alcohol prep pad, and allow
the alcohol to dry.
• Wipe the site with sterile cotton
or gauze, to be sure all the
alcohol has been removed.
Heel stick
• Puncture the left or
right side of the heel,
not the bottom of the
foot.
• Wipe away the first
drop of blood since it
may contain excess
tissue fluid or alcohol
which could alter test
results.
Heel stick